LECTURE No. 7. Congenital pathologies and neoplasms of the eyelids

1. Ankyloblepharon (ankyloblepharon)

When examining newborns, congenital fusion of the eyelids in the form of dense scars or thin bridges is extremely rare. This congenital pathology is called ankyloblepharon and occurs as a result of a violation of the reverse development of eyelid fusion in the fetus in the seventh month of pregnancy.

Treatment. Immediate dissection of adhesions and plastic.

2. Eyelid coloboma (coloboma palpebrae)

Occasionally, along the edge of the eyelid, more often than the upper one, a congenital defect of various sizes is found in the form of a triangle with the base down (this is the so-called coloboma).

Treatment. Plastic replacement of the defect with a free graft or a pedicled flap.

3. Epicanthus (epicanthus)

Some children have a wide nose bridge due to the presence of semilunar skin folds located on both sides of the back of the nose and covering the inner canthus of the eye. This congenital anomaly is called the epicanthus. Epicanthus is often combined with ptosis, strabismus.

Treatment is operative.

4. Inversion of the eyelids (entropium palpebrarum)

Inversion of the eyelid (entropion) is an incorrect position of the eyelid, in which its edge with growing eyelashes is partially or all over turned towards the eyeball. Distinguish torsion of the century cicatricial, spastic and senile.

Etiology and pathogenesis. With cicatricial inversion of the eyelid, etiological factors are trachoma and other conjunctival processes leading to the development of scars in the conjunctiva, as well as chemical and thermal burns of the conjunctiva. Cicatricial shortening of the conjunctiva and curvature of the cartilage tighten the edge of the eyelid and deflect it towards the eye.

The occurrence of spastic entropion occurs due to spastic contraction of the age-old part of the orbicularis oculi muscle. Chronic inflammatory processes in the conjunctiva, causing irritation of the orbicularis oculi muscle, lead to its convulsive contraction, as a result of which the cartilage of the eyelid can rotate around its length towards the eye.

Age volvulus senile occurs in old age due to age-related changes. Age-related accumulation of orbital fat and loss of skin elasticity lead to the fact that the eyelid (usually the lower one), without meeting support from the side of the eye, easily turns inward not only with convulsive, but also with simple closure of the palpebral fissure.

The clinical picture.

1. Cicatricial inversion of the eyelid. The eyelid is trough-like curved convexity forward. The posterior edge of the edge of the eyelid is rounded, the entire edge of the eyelid and its skin surface are turned towards the eye, the eyelashes injure the eyeball, causing severe irritation. The disease develops slowly, gradually progressing. Friction of the eyelashes and thickening of the rim of the eyelid contribute to the formation of corneal infiltrates and ulcers. The same long course is observed with cicatricial volvulus caused by burns of the conjunctiva, since the volvulus of the eyelid leads to chronic irritation of the mucous membrane, and then to its inflammatory infiltration. A similar picture is given by trichiasis (a congenital anomaly in the location of the eyelashes). With trachoma, twists are often noted in combination with trichiasis (eyelash growths are directed in different directions).

2. Spastic inversion of the century. The edge of the eyelid with eyelashes and the skin surface of the eyelid are turned towards the eye and irritate it. The absence of scars on the conjunctiva distinguishes this form from cicatricial inversion, and the presence of spasm from senile.

3. Inversion of the eyelid senile. The edge of the eyelid with eyelashes and the skin surface of the eyelid are turned towards the eye and cause irritation. The course is long, chronic, with a tendency to constant progression.

Treatment. With cicatricial inversion, treatment is surgical. Prevention is reduced to the treatment of the underlying disease.

With spastic volvulus, therapy is reduced to treating the underlying disease and placing disinfectant ointments and drops in the conjunctival sac. Stubborn torsion is often eliminated by simple transection of the outer commissure of the eyelids.

With severe irritation that cannot be treated, surgical intervention is performed.

In case of accidental twisting, sometimes it is enough to put the eyelid in the correct position and fix it in this position with narrow strips of adhesive tape. Astringents and zinc drops must be injected into the conjunctival sac.

With persistent torsion, an operation is indicated.

5. Eversion of the eyelids (ectropium palpebrarum)

This is a condition opposite to inversion, i.e., characterized by the distance of the eyelid from the eye and accompanied by lacrimation due to eversion of the lower lacrimal opening. It is often observed due to cicatricial changes after burns and other injuries of the eyelids.

Treatment. plastic surgery.

6. Lagophthalmos, or "hare's eye" (lagophthalmus paralyticus)

If, when the eyelids close, they partially cover the eyeball, then in the absence of changes in the eyelids, this may indicate the presence of paresis or paralysis of the facial nerve that innervates the circular muscle of the eyelids. Lagophthalmos appears as a result of otitis, purulent mastoiditis and some infectious diseases. The danger of this lesion lies in the fact that the eye, especially at night, remains open. The cornea in the lower segment undergoes drying, becomes cloudy.

Treatment. Ointment dressings, temporary stitching of the eyelids in the event of keratitis, plastic surgery.

7. Dermoid cyst

In the internal or external adhesion of the eyelids in children, a small neoplasm of a rounded shape is found. It is of an elastic consistency, sometimes dense, not soldered to the skin, but often connected to the periosteum, does not decrease during compression, painless. This is a dermoid cyst of the orbit. It arises from the detached parts of the ectoderm and is located mainly in the area of ​​\uXNUMXb\uXNUMXbbone sutures. Increases in size slowly. Treatment. Surgical removal of the cyst along with the capsule.

8. Eyelid hemangioma

Often in children in the first days after birth, a tumor with a reddish or bluish tinge is found on the eyelids. This is a hemangioma. Its shape can be different: capillary, cavernous, recemous, etc. With capillary hemangioma, a flat dark red spot is determined on the eyelid, consisting of dilated superficial vessels. Cavernous hemangioma is more massive, often grows into the thickness of the eyelid, leads to more gross external changes. Hemangiomas have a tendency to rapid expansive growth.

Treatment. Rapid surgical removal of hemangioma often with simultaneous skin plasty. Depending on the shape and size of the hemangioma, cryotherapy, sclerotherapy (administration of alcohol, quinineurethane, etc.) and radiotherapy are also indicated.

9. Neurofibromatosis (Recklinghausen's disease)

In this systemic disease, there is often a plexiform neurofibroma of the upper eyelid in the form of a diffuse tumor. In the thickness of the eyelid, dense strands along the cutaneous nerves are felt. Persistent symptoms of neurofibromatosis are café-au-lait patches on skin. If, along with the eyelids, neurofibromatosis affects the ciliary nerves, then various changes in the eyes are possible, hydrophthalmos is often observed in children.

Treatment of plexiform neurofibroma of the eyelids consists in excision of tumor-like tissues, which, however, does not prevent recurrence and progression of the process.

Author: Shilnikov L.V.

<< Back: Diagnosis, clinic and treatment of inflammatory diseases of the eyelids (Abscess of the eyelid (abscessus palpebrae). Meibomitis (hordeоlum internum). Chalazion (chalazion). Barley (hordeolum). Toxicodermia (toxicodermia) of the eyelid. Herpes eyelids. Vaccine pustules of the eyelids. Contagious molluscum (molluscum contagiosum). Scaly blepharitis (blepharitis squamosa). Ulcerative blepharitis (blepharitis ulcerosa). Trichiasis (trichiasis))

>> Forward: Diagnosis, clinic and treatment of pathologies of lacrimal organs (General diagnostic issues. Acute dacryoadenitis acuta. Canaliculitis. Dacryocystitis. Dacryocystitis of newborns)

We recommend interesting articles Section Lecture notes, cheat sheets:

▪ Corporate law. Crib

▪ pathological physiology. Crib

▪ Foreign literature of the XX century in brief. Part 1. Cheat sheet

See other articles Section Lecture notes, cheat sheets.

Read and write useful comments on this article.

<< Back

Latest news of science and technology, new electronics:

The existence of an entropy rule for quantum entanglement has been proven 09.05.2024

Quantum mechanics continues to amaze us with its mysterious phenomena and unexpected discoveries. Recently, Bartosz Regula from the RIKEN Center for Quantum Computing and Ludovico Lamy from the University of Amsterdam presented a new discovery that concerns quantum entanglement and its relation to entropy. Quantum entanglement plays an important role in modern quantum information science and technology. However, the complexity of its structure makes understanding and managing it challenging. Regulus and Lamy's discovery shows that quantum entanglement follows an entropy rule similar to that for classical systems. This discovery opens new perspectives in the field of quantum information science and technology, deepening our understanding of quantum entanglement and its connection to thermodynamics. The results of the study indicate the possibility of reversibility of entanglement transformations, which could greatly simplify their use in various quantum technologies. Opening a new rule ... >>

Mini air conditioner Sony Reon Pocket 5 09.05.2024

Summer is a time for relaxation and travel, but often the heat can turn this time into an unbearable torment. Meet a new product from Sony - the Reon Pocket 5 mini-air conditioner, which promises to make summer more comfortable for its users. Sony has introduced a unique device - the Reon Pocket 5 mini-conditioner, which provides body cooling on hot days. With it, users can enjoy coolness anytime, anywhere by simply wearing it around their neck. This mini air conditioner is equipped with automatic adjustment of operating modes, as well as temperature and humidity sensors. Thanks to innovative technologies, Reon Pocket 5 adjusts its operation depending on the user's activity and environmental conditions. Users can easily adjust the temperature using a dedicated mobile app connected via Bluetooth. Additionally, specially designed T-shirts and shorts are available for convenience, to which a mini air conditioner can be attached. The device can oh ... >>

Energy from space for Starship 08.05.2024

Producing solar energy in space is becoming more feasible with the advent of new technologies and the development of space programs. The head of the startup Virtus Solis shared his vision of using SpaceX's Starship to create orbital power plants capable of powering the Earth. Startup Virtus Solis has unveiled an ambitious project to create orbital power plants using SpaceX's Starship. This idea could significantly change the field of solar energy production, making it more accessible and cheaper. The core of the startup's plan is to reduce the cost of launching satellites into space using Starship. This technological breakthrough is expected to make solar energy production in space more competitive with traditional energy sources. Virtual Solis plans to build large photovoltaic panels in orbit, using Starship to deliver the necessary equipment. However, one of the key challenges ... >>

Random news from the Archive Giant storms at the pole of Jupiter 20.12.2018 NASA's Juno mission on the gas giant Jupiter has reached its mid-life and discovered new types of cyclones at the poles. According to NASA, some of these storms are twice the size of the state of Texas, that is, their area is almost 1,5 million km2. Entering the orbit of Jupiter every 53 days, the Juno spacecraft moves from pole to pole. Its sensors measure the composition of the planet to understand how the largest world in our solar system formed. Professor Candice Hansen of the Planetary Science Institute in Arizona, who leads the JunoCam project, gave details of the new Juno data at an American Geophysical Union meeting in Washington. According to her, the device flew at a distance of 3,4 thousand kilometers from Jupiter. This flyby of the planet was the 16th in a row, and its trajectory passed closest to Jupiter. “When we first flew over the poles, we knew that we were seeing territory on Jupiter that we had never seen before. What we did not expect was that we would see these ordered polygons of cyclones. These are huge storms - twice the size of Texas,” - said Candice Hansen. And after 16 Juno passes, she added, those orderly patterns of giant storms still persist.

Other interesting news:

▪ Pessimism Gene

▪ Inexpensive window transparency adjustment technology

▪ Neuromorphic chip Intel Loihi 2

▪ L'Oreal Colorsonic device for hair coloring

▪ Ultrabook Lenovo Yoga 2 Pro with IPS 3200x1800 screen

News feed of science and technology, new electronics

Interesting materials of the Free Technical Library:

▪ site section Power Amplifiers. Article selection

▪ Columbus egg article. Popular expression

▪ article What do beavers eat? Detailed answer

▪ article Lozinka. Legends, cultivation, methods of application

▪ article Multi-command telecontrol system. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

▪ article Using a transformer from the TV. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

Leave your comment on this article:

All languages ​​of this page

Arabic	Hebrew	Polish
Bengali	Hindi	Portuguese
Chinese	Italian	Spanish
English	Japanese	Turkish
French	Korean	Ukrainian
German	Malay	Vietnamese

Home page | Library | Articles | Website map | Site Reviews

www.diagram.com.ua
2000-2024