Budget system of the Russian Federation. Value added tax (lecture notes)

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Budget system of the Russian Federation. Value added tax (lecture notes)

Lecture notes, cheat sheets

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LECTURE No. 8. Value Added Tax

Value Added Tax is a regulatory federal tax.

Value added tax is a form of withdrawal to the budget of a part of the added value created at all stages of production and defined as the difference between the cost of goods, works and services sold and the cost of material costs attributed to production and distribution costs.

VAT is levied on all goods, works and services throughout the entire production cycle. VAT is a stable and regular source of revenue for the budget.

The taxpayers of value added tax are:

1) organizations;

2) individual entrepreneurs;

3) persons recognized as taxpayers of value added tax in connection with the movement of goods across the customs border of the Russian Federation, determined in accordance with the Customs Code of the Russian Federation.

Taxpayers are subject to mandatory registration with the tax authority.

Foreign organizations can register with the tax authorities as taxpayers at the location of their permanent representative offices in the Russian Federation. Registration as a taxpayer is carried out by the tax authority on the basis of a written application of a foreign organization.

Organizations and individual entrepreneurs have the right to be exempt from fulfilling taxpayer obligations related to the calculation and payment of tax if, over the three previous consecutive calendar months, the amount of revenue from the sale of goods of these organizations or individual entrepreneurs excluding tax did not exceed a total of 2 million rubles.

The following transactions are subject to taxation:

1) the sale of goods (works, services) on the territory of the Russian Federation, including the sale of pledged items and the transfer of goods under an agreement on the provision of compensation or innovation, as well as the transfer of property rights;

2) transfer in the territory of the Russian Federation of goods for own needs, the costs of which are not deductible when calculating corporate income tax;

3) performance of construction and installation works for own consumption;

4) importation of goods into the customs territory of the Russian Federation.

Not recognized as an object of taxation:

1) transfer on a gratuitous basis of objects of social and cultural and housing and communal purposes, roads, electrical networks, gas networks, water intake facilities and other similar objects to state authorities and local governments;

2) transfer of property of state and municipal enterprises, redeemed in the order of privatization;

3) transfer on a gratuitous basis of fixed assets to state authorities and administrations and local governments, budgetary institutions, state and municipal unitary enterprises;

4) operations for the sale of land plots;

5) transfer of property rights of the organization to its legal successor;

6) and more.

The territory of the Russian Federation is recognized as the place of sale of works (services).

The tax base for the sale of goods (works, services) is determined by the taxpayer depending on the specifics of the sale of goods (works, services) produced by him or acquired on the side.

When taxpayers apply different tax rates for the sale of goods (works, services), the tax base is determined separately for each type of goods (works, services) taxed at different rates. When applying the same tax rates, the tax base is determined in total for all types of transactions taxed at this rate.

When determining the tax base, proceeds from the sale of goods (works, services), transfer of property rights are determined on the basis of all income of the taxpayer related to settlements for payment for these goods, property rights received by him in cash or in kind, including payment in securities.

The tax period is set as a calendar month, and for taxpayers with monthly amounts of revenue from the sale of goods excluding tax during the quarter that do not exceed 2 million rubles, the tax period is set as a quarter.

Taxation is made at a tax rate of 0% when implementing:

1) goods exported under the customs regime of export, as well as goods placed under the customs regime of a free customs zone, subject to the submission of documents to the tax authorities;

2) works (services) directly related to the carriage or transportation of goods placed under the customs regime of international customs transit;

3) services for the carriage of passengers and baggage, provided that the point of departure or destination of passengers and baggage is located outside the territory of the Russian Federation, when registering transportation on the basis of unified international transportation documents;

4) works (services) performed in outer space, as well as a complex of preparatory ground works, technologically determined and inextricably linked with the performance of work in outer space;

5) goods for the official use of foreign diplomatic missions and equivalent missions or for the personal use of the diplomatic or administrative and technical staff of these missions, including members of their families living with them;

6) supplies exported from the territory of the Russian Federation in the customs regime for the movement of supplies (fuel and fuels and lubricants necessary to ensure the normal operation of aircraft and sea vessels, ships of mixed navigation);

7) work performed by Russian carriers in railway transport for the transportation or transportation of goods exported outside the territory of the Russian Federation and the export from the customs territory of the Russian Federation of processed products in the customs territory of the Russian Federation, as well as works (services) related to such transportation or transportation, including works ( services) for the organization of transportation, escort, loading, reloading;

8) built ships subject to registration in the Russian International Register of Ships, subject to the submission of documents to the tax authorities.

Taxation is made at a tax rate of 10% when implementing:

1) the following food products: livestock and poultry in live weight; meat and meat products; milk and dairy products; eggs and egg products; vegetable oils; margarine; sugars, including raw sugar; salt; grain, compound feed, feed mixtures, grain waste; oilseeds and products of their processing; bread and bakery products; cereals; flour; pasta; live fish; sea and fish products; baby and diabetic food products; vegetables;

2) the following products for children:

a) outerwear for children, underwear knitwear, hosiery, other knitwear;

b) garments; shoes; strollers, children's beds; mattresses for children; school notebooks; toys; plasticine; pencil cases; covers for textbooks, diaries, notebooks; diapers and more others;

3) periodicals;

4) the following medical products of domestic and foreign production:

a) medicines;

b) medical products.

Taxation is made at a tax rate of 18% in other cases.

When determining the tax base, the amount of tax is calculated as a percentage of the tax base corresponding to the tax rate, and in case of separate accounting - as the amount of tax received as a result of adding the amounts of taxes calculated separately as percentages of the corresponding tax bases corresponding to tax rates.

The moment of determining the tax base is the earliest of the following dates:

1) the day of shipment (transfer) of goods (works, services), property rights;

2) the day of payment, partial payment on account of the forthcoming deliveries of goods (performance of work, provision of services), transfer of property rights.

The amounts of tax presented to the buyer when purchasing goods or actually paid when importing goods into the territory of the Russian Federation are taken into account in the cost of such goods in the following cases:

1) the acquisition of goods used for operations for the production and sale of goods that are not subject to taxation;

2) the acquisition of goods used for operations for the production and sale of goods, the place of sale of which is not recognized as the territory of the Russian Federation;

3) the acquisition of goods by persons who are not taxpayers of value added tax or who are exempt from the obligation of a taxpayer to calculate and pay tax;

4) the acquisition of goods, property rights for the production and sale of goods, the sale of which is not recognized as the sale of goods. The amount of tax payable to the budget is calculated at the end of each tax period.

An invoice is a mandatory document for all VAT payers, it is a tool for additional control by the tax authorities over the completeness of the collection of this tax.

Taxpayers who pay taxes on a quarterly basis submit a tax return no later than the 20th day of the month following the expired quarter.

Author: Natalia Burkhanova

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