|
Arabic
Bengali
Chinese
English
French
German
Hebrew
Hindi
Italian
Japanese
Korean
Malay
Polish
Portuguese
Spanish
Turkish
Ukrainian
Vietnamese|
TOOLS AND MECHANISMS FOR AGRICULTURE
Wind turbine Chamomile for lifting water. Drawing, description
Directory / Tools and mechanisms for agriculture Water supply is an acute problem for many novice members of gardening cooperatives, owners of household plots. It is far from possible to supply water from local sources with the help of gasoline or electric pumps, but the time-tested old method - a well and a tub - is heavy and inefficient. After all, for a garden plot with an area of 0,01 hectares in the summer, about 2-3 m3 of water per day is required. That is why reader mail is increasingly turning to the practice of using wind energy: in a number of regions of the country and abroad, wind-mechanical water-lifting units have proven themselves well, many of which are designed and manufactured by amateur authors. Unfortunately, such designs are often made at a primitive level, which is explained by the almost complete absence of mass literature on the design and manufacture of modern wind turbines. Today we decided to acquaint readers with the device of the household wind-mechanical unit "Romashka", developed in the Scientific and Production Association "Vetroen". In terms of technical and economic indicators, "Romashka" belongs to the number of modern domestic devices of this class and surpasses foreign models in a number of parameters. It is structurally simple, does not contain scarce components and parts, is safe in operation, convenient and unpretentious in operation. All this allows us to recommend "Chamomile" for self-production. The Romashka plant is designed to lift water from any water source (well, well, open reservoir, etc.) with a water depth of up to 8 m and can be used both in stationary areas and in summer pastures. The wind turbine is designed for use in areas with a temperate climate and average annual wind speeds of at least 3 m/s - these are the European part of the USSR, Western Siberia, Kazakhstan, Central Asia, Transcaucasia, Altai. The advantage of the installation is autonomy: constant presence or any intervention during its operation is not required. "Romashka" (Fig. 1) - a wind turbine, in the support of the rack of which a pump is mounted. The tubular post is attached with six guy wires and three drive-in anchors. Technical specifications
The wind turbine (Fig. 2) is multi-bladed, low-speed. Its two- or three-section rack can be 4 or 6 m high. In the upper part there is a head with a 12-blade wind wheel with three degrees of freedom. When the direction of the wind changes, it automatically self-adjusts to the lee side of the tower due to the rotation of the head. For effective self-alignment of the wind wheel and its stabilization in the wind flow, as well as for unloading from the bending moment, the axes of the blades are inclined to the axis of the wind wheel and make an angle of 75° with it.
In order to reduce the frontal pressure of the air flow and eliminate the influence of gyroscopic forces during sharp lateral gusts of wind, the wind wheel is mounted on a rocker that can rotate about a horizontal axis perpendicular to the axis of rotation and intersecting with the axis of the support. Thus, under the influence of a strong wind, the wheel, as it were, "floats" in the air stream. At the same time, the moment from the forces of frontal pressure on the blades (relative to the horizontal axis of rotation of the rocker arm) is balanced by a weight moment equal to 0,2-0,3 kGm, this ensures the start of the wind wheel deviation from its original position at a wind speed of 5-6 m/s. To compensate for part of the weight of the wheel, the rocker on the windward side is equipped with a weight-counterweight, in the hole of which a wire loop is inserted. The latter serves to stop the wind turbine: with a fairly light pole with a hook at the end, hooking it to the loop, move the wheel axle to a vertical position. The mechanism for transmitting force from the wind wheel to the pump is cam-lever, with a vertical rod moving reciprocating. The thrust passes inside the wind turbine support in anti-friction guides. At one end of the two-arm lever, fixed on the axis between the cheeks of the rocker arm, there is a roller (ball bearing). It interacts with the inner side surface of the dish, which is eccentrically fixed on the wind wheel hub. When the blades rotate, the roller, rolling around on the plate, imparts an oscillatory motion to the lever. The other end of the lever is connected to the vertical rod through a hinge and a swivel. The swivel suspension axis (hinge) at the middle position of the lever coincides with the horizontal axis of rotation of the rocker arm. Thus, the influence of the forces acting in the transmission mechanism on the position of the wind wheel and rocker in the wind flow is excluded. Since the axis of rotation of the lever is below the axis of rotation of the rocker, the amplitude of vertical displacements of the pump thrust increases with increasing wind speed and deflection of the rocker with the wind wheel. This ensures an increase in pump performance, optimal use of the power of the wind wheel at various wind speeds and an increase in the efficiency of the unit. The blade (Fig. 3) is a blade with a heat-treated steel rod riveted to it. The blade is trapezoidal in plan, stamped from duralumin sheet grade D16 or Mg6 1,2 mm thick; profile - shackle of constant radius. For rigidity, a T-shaped ridge is made. The axis of the rod runs parallel to the leading edge, which achieves a geometric twist of the blade of 18°. The inclined flat at the end of the rod ensures the same angular position of the blades in the wind wheel hub (the installation angle is 23° at the end and 45° at the butt), the flat contributes to the self-tightening of the blade by centrifugal forces when the fixing bolts are loosened (nevertheless, after tightening the bolts, it is necessary to counter them in pairs with wire or folding washers). The mass of an individual blade is not more than 400 g, and the mass difference should not exceed 5-10 g. The imbalance of the wind wheel relative to the axis of rotation is not more than 2,5 Gm.
The pump (Fig. 4) is self-priming, with a horizontal flow rubber diaphragm, and has three cavities. The receiving cavity is connected to the suction sleeve, the subdiaphragmatic cavity communicates with the receiving one through six holes blocked by the suction valve, the supradiaphragmatic cavity from below is connected to the subdiaphragmatic cavity also by six holes blocked by the discharge valve, and from above - with a drain hose and with the wind turbine support cavity. The latter "saves" the wind turbine from breakage due to accidental clamping of the drain hose.
The diaphragm is clamped along the periphery between the upper and lower pump housings by six bolts, and in the center - between the upper and lower plates with holes - by three screws. The pump axle is pressed into the upper plate, into which the wind turbine thrust is screwed. A groove is made on the axis, a lamellar discharge valve is put on it. A return spring with a force of 5 to 10 kg presses the diaphragm through the upper plate, ensuring its return and force closing the wind turbine transmission mechanism. The suction hose is a polyethylene (polypropylene) pipe 10 ... 30 m long with an internal diameter of 20 mm and a wall thickness of 2 mm, which avoids its compression by atmospheric pressure when rarefied in the pump. The end of the sleeve is equipped with a receiving mesh filter with cells of 1-1,5 mm. In order to prevent abundant gas evolution from water (cavitation) at large suction depths, the suction cavity of the pump is equipped with a compensating chamber (annular groove in the lower housing). The sub-diaphragm cavity of the pump is made with the smallest possible free volume, which makes it possible to increase the degree of rarefaction and suction from a depth of up to 8,5 m. valve and lower diaphragm plate. All parts of the pump operating in water must be carefully protected against corrosion. The outer surfaces of serial wind turbines are coated with a FL-OZK primer and painted with PF-115 enamel in white or light gray, and the ends of the blades, the hub cover, the weight-counterweight, the support couplings and the pump are red. Friction surfaces and bearings must be lubricated (CIATIM 201 or LITOL). "Romashka" is designed for operation in the warm season at an air temperature of at least plus 1 °. Before the onset of frost, it must be stopped by moving the wind wheel to the “stop” position. For the winter, in order to increase the service life of the diaphragm, it is advisable to disassemble the wind turbine, dry it and store it indoors. "Chamomile" is mounted by two or three people in a place open to the wind so that the distance from the wind wheel to the nearest obstacle (trees, buildings, etc.) is at least 25-50 m. Removal from the water source depends on the length of the suction hose and the height of the water rise, but should not exceed 15-20 m. The upper point of the suction hose should be located as low as possible. With a high head of the well (well), the sleeve is led out through a hole in the side wall of the head, made 150-200 mm from the ground. Install the wind turbine on a dense compacted soil or a solid platform, stand. Anchors are hammered in no closer than 2,5-3 m from the wind turbine rack, evenly around the circumference, to a depth of 400-800 mm. On weak soil (sand, peat), instead of anchors, it is more expedient to use anchors buried to a depth of 500-1000 mm - plates with an area of at least 0,06 m2. Before lifting the wind turbine, the braces are pre-clung to the support flanges and to the holes in the hammered anchors, then the rack with the wind wheel rises to a vertical position, while the lower part of the support (pump) is brought to the center of the site. It remains to choose the slack of the stretch marks and finally fix them. The tension of the upper tier of guy wires is provided by additional anchoring; the lower - safety tier may sag slightly. Before the first start, pour 1-2 liters of water into the pump through the drain hose - moisten and seal the pump valves. With a wind strength of 2,5-3 m / s, a few minutes after starting, the unit will begin to supply water. During the operation of the installation, a knock may occur in the cam-lever mechanism, sometimes it is difficult to start the wind wheel. These interferences are eliminated by adjusting the length of the wind turbine rod: by screwing (or screwing) the swivel onto the upper threaded end of the rod. The adjustment must be made before lifting the wind turbine, and the pump diaphragm should not reach the lowest position by 2-3 mm when the rocker arm with the wind wheel deviates by 45° from the initial position. After adjustment, the rod must be securely locked in order to prevent self-unscrewing. For guaranteed water supply, the wind turbine is operated with a water storage tank with a capacity of 1,5-2 m3. It is recommended to install it no further than 10 m from the pump. In case of overfilling of the container, a special drain pipe or hose should be provided. The characteristics of the wind turbine, obtained in tests at a suction height of 8 m and a total water rise of up to 10 m, are shown in the diagrams (Fig. 5 and 6). The maximum wind speed during testing was 40 m/s.
The experience of the annual operation of the Romashka wind turbines has shown their reliability, simplicity and ease of maintenance. Author: S.Nikonov
▪ Tricycle ▪ All-terrain tractor station wagon
Machine for thinning flowers in gardens
02.05.2024 Advanced Infrared Microscope
02.05.2024 Air trap for insects
01.05.2024
▪ 5 W DC-DC converter TRACO TDN 5WI ▪ Using 3D V-NAND memory will allow you to create a 10 TB SSD ▪ Key Optical Transistor Technology ▪ New type of biomolecule discovered
▪ site section Electric meters. Article selection ▪ Nylon article. History of invention and production ▪ article What is blood pressure? Detailed answer ▪ article Field horsetail. Legends, cultivation, methods of application
Home page | Library | Articles | Website map | Site Reviews
www.diagram.com.ua |
We recommend interesting articles Section 
See other articles Section 
Latest news of science and technology, new electronics:
All languages of this page