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TOOLS AND MECHANISMS FOR AGRICULTURE
Grain mill. Drawing, description
Directory / Tools and mechanisms for agriculture Bread baked in a village oven does not need advertising: in all respects it was a success. Only here it is troublesome to store bags of flour, much easier - grain. And therefore, it is necessary to have the opportunity to grind the grain at home, without leaving the flour mill. And to get the flour of both fine and coarse grinding. At home, in the countryside, it is often necessary to peel grain, sunflower, crush and grind chalk, salt, and various grain waste. Yes, and preparing compound feed in your backyard is the dream of a villager: the number of livestock and poultry in a personal household is growing day by day. I built such a mechanism for myself, and called it a grain mill. The main working parts are the rotor and the stator. They perform the functions of millstones - the first rotates inside the second. In general, my windmill looks like this. On a wooden stool there is an electric motor with a power of 1 kW at 220 V, single-phase, rewound from a decommissioned three-phase one. The mill itself is attached to it with the help of corners - so that the bearing in its central hole moves onto the motor shaft: the rotor will rotate on this shaft, developing up to 3000 rpm. The body of the mill itself is very similar to round candy boxes with a thickness of 56 and Ø348 mm. The bottom of the box with a side of 50 mm is the stator, and the lid (15 mm high) closes the "insides". On top of the case, a small cast iron with a cut-out bottom is fixed with M4 screws. Instead of the latter, a damper-plate is fitted. Below - a duster sleeve made of tarpaulin (on the same screws). Under the damper and above the anther in the stator, there are windows "input - output" - 15x30 mm. Through the top, when the damper is ajar, "raw materials" come out of the cast iron, and finished "products" are poured through the bottom. It is recommended to use the sleeve without fail: the grinding will not scatter to the sides, but will rush directly into the substituted bag or other container. The stator is made of a metal strip 2 mm thick and 54 mm wide. Curved it around. I placed it in a mold and filled it with aluminum from one end - I got a cup with a 4 mm bottom. Then I cut the corners 20x20x50 mm. I welded them to the side of the cup from the inside, leaving free space for windows - the surface became ribbed. (Later I thought that the corners could simply be put on screws - the effect would be the same.) I drilled a hole for the shaft in the center of the stator.
The blank for the rotor - a circle Ø322 mm - was cut out of a metal sheet 3 mm thick. Then he drew a circle Ø300 mm on it and divided it into 32 identical parts. I drilled holes Ø3 mm at the marking points. Before them, on the outside, along the radius, he made cuts with a hacksaw and bent the petals, as shown in the drawing. In the center of the rotor, I welded a sleeve 45 mm long and Ø28x5 mm. When assembling the structure, I first put the stator on the shaft, then the rotor on the key and finally fixed everything with a pin through the bushing and shaft. The cover was fixed from above with four M6 screws around the circumference of the case.
During the operation of the mill, it is required to observe the following order: fill, say, grain with a cast iron and start the engine. When it picks up speed, open the top flap - fill in some of the grain. Supplement its amount as you remove the flour, acting on the lower flap. Try not to oversleep: you can quickly get used to this. However, you have to be careful all the time - after all, the productivity of the mill is almost 5 kg / min. As practice has shown, the quality of grinding depends on the number of revolutions of the engine and, of course, on the size of the gap between the rotor and the stator. In my design for peeling or breaking grain - a gap of 5 mm. For flour, it is necessary to reduce it to 2 mm: you must also have a replaceable rotor with a large diameter. But there is another way out - to change the connection scheme to the engine: remove the mill from the engine shaft and, putting it separately, adjust the belt drive with interchangeable pulleys, increasing (for flour) the number of revolutions. Author: I.Shamotov
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