School harvester. Drawing, description

TOOLS AND MECHANISMS FOR AGRICULTURE
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School harvester. Drawing, description

Tools and mechanisms for agriculture

Directory / Tools and mechanisms for agriculture

The device of the combine is very peculiar. On a frame measuring 925x565x410 mm, drilled from corners 40x40 mm, in three tiers, there are: at the top - a thresher and a fan, in the middle - a fan and a block of sieves, at the bottom - drive motors and their starters.

Thresher-winnowing machine (protective fencing of the pulleys to the wall of the winnowing tunnel is conditionally removed) (click to enlarge): 1 - frame, 2 - winnower hopper, 3 - threshing drum, 4 - feed funnel, 5 - threshing drum pulley (Ø 105 mm), 6 - adjusting rods, 7 - concave, 8 - fan, 9 - shelf, 10 - winnower drive electric motor, 11 - engine mounting pin, 12 - belt guard, 13 - plain bearing, 14 - thresher drive pulley (Ø 70 mm), 15 - drive motor, 16 - sieve block, 17 - winnower tunnel walls, 18 - sieve block suspension, 19 - fan starter, 20 - winnower starter, 21 - thresher starter, 22 - crank drive pulley block (Ø 250 mm) and hopper (Ø 90 mm), 23 - winnower drive pulley (Ø 70 mm), 24 - drum bearing housing, 25 - hopper pulley (Ø 150 mm), 26 - hopper funnel

The design of the thresher is traditional: body, drum, deck, hopper. The body and funnel are made of 300mm plywood and thin steel sheet. The drum is made of steel discs Ø 25 mm, eight corners 25xXNUMX mm and corrugated oak whips.

The deck consists of a body (two sheets of metal), a fine-meshed mesh bent along the radius with six whips attached to it, the same as those of the drum, and a suspension system on the frame - steel rods, at the ends of which there are adjusting rods. By changing the gap between the whips of the deck and the drum with the help of the latter, it is possible to adjust the unit for threshing various crops, as well as vary its quality.

The thresher is driven by two V-belts from an electric motor located on the desired tier in the middle of the frame.

The threshed grains or seeds, falling through the mesh, fall into a container installed on a shelf under the deck. Chaff and other waste are ejected by the drum from the gap between the last whip of the deck and the upper skin of the thresher and fall on the sieves, where the remaining seeds and grains are extracted from them by separation.

Sieve block (click to enlarge): 1 - housing, 2 - crank axle, 3 - counterweights, 4 - plain bearing, 5 - upper sieve, 6 - lower sieve, 7 - pallet, 8 - upper sieve chute, 9 - lower chute sieves

Deck (click to enlarge): 1 - body, 2 - whips fastening bolts, 3, 5, 7 - deck suspension system, 4 - whips, 6 - sieve

The block of sieves is made like a straw walker of a combine harvester. There are only two sieves here: with holes Ø 3 mm (upper) and Ø 1 mm (lower). Under them is a tray.

A sliding bearing is built into the upper part of the block: a crank with counterweights from moped engines rotates in a piece of nylon tube. The lower part of the block is suspended on two strips of plywood, which allow it to move back and forth.

The sieves are driven by an electric motor. From it, the V-belt goes to the large crank pulley. Next to this pulley is another, smaller one, from which another belt goes further - to the winnower hopper.

Now about how the bunker is arranged. It is made from 10mm plywood. Between the two boards of the body there is a flat funnel, at the mouth of which a square-section shaft rotates with a dispenser - a wooden cylinder Ø 50 mm with four longitudinal grooves. Rotating, the dispenser captures the contents of the hopper with grooves and pours them out in uniform portions at the mouth of the funnel, and therefore onto the sieves, where everything is sieved.

Winnower bunker (click to enlarge): 1 - body, 2 - gate mounting bolts, 3 - gates, 4 - dispenser, 5 - dispenser shaft, 6 - funnel cheeks, 7 - cheek supports

Threshing drum (click to enlarge): 1 - discs, 2 - axle shafts, 3 - scourge bed, 4 - scourge attachment screws, 5 - scourges

If the processed mass contains a lot of weed particles, then you can turn on the fan, which will drive a stream of air over the sieves and blow off the garbage. Heavier particles will fall on the sieves.

Tests have shown that the winnower works very reliably and with high quality, winnowing even such a "delicate" substance as bee pollen. Previously, beekeepers used tweezers to pick out rubbish from it, and this took a lot of time. Now the need for such a painstaking procedure disappears.

Author: A.Aleksandrov

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