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TOOLS AND MECHANISMS FOR AGRICULTURE
Electric plow. Drawing, description
Directory / Tools and mechanisms for agriculture Blessed is the day and hour when the idea occurred to a man to attach a chuck for attaching a tool to the shaft of an electric motor. As a tool, the electric drill has become a ubiquitous tool. What they don’t do with a drill: they drill, cut, sharpen, polish, mix, mow, and now even ... plow! The energy flowing through the wires has become an integral attribute of our being. True, machines equipped with powerful and mobile internal combustion engines work in the fields of the country, but the idea of plowing with electricity is still alive today. This is confirmed by the successful experience of V. I. Morozov, a resident of the village of Pavlovo-on-Neva, Kirov District, Leningrad Region. He cultivates the garden plot with an electric plow of his own design. Morozov's plow is the most ordinary: a plowshare, a moldboard, an adjustable trailer hook and handles with which the plowman holds it in the furrow. But the winch shown in the figure is "harnessed" to the plow. Its design is simple. Several horizontal axes are mounted between two steel sheets of the housing in bearings. At the back, a single-phase electric drill with a power of 600 W with a speed of 250 rpm is installed on top. Its rear handle is fixed on an L-shaped bracket, and the axis is in the drive shaft bearing. The side handle of the drill is pointing up, and the cable from it goes to the power source.
The gears, taken out of the housing and covered with a casing, transmit torque from the drill to the intermediate shaft. On the latter, a keyed bushing with a gear is fixed with through bolts, coupled with the gear of the cable drum. They can be disconnected and reconnected using the clutch lever located higher on the fixed axle. If you push the lever to the side, then the clutch fingers, resting against the gear groove, will move it along the key and disengage it. The gear wheel with the cable drum is connected by welding and mounted on a power shaft mounted in powerful bearings. To prevent the cable from slipping off the drum during winch operation, a "gate" is arranged in front of it: two vertical pipe sections are welded to a horizontal one, fixed between the body sheets. The winch weighs a lot, it is not easy to rearrange it along the edge of the plot after each plowed furrow. Therefore, the entire structure is placed on a long pipe of large diameter, resting on two tragus. The traguses are securely fastened with stakes and hold the pipe with the winch in place. Since it is located relatively high above the ground, the winch is tilted back and rests on the ground with a support angle welded to the rear lower corners of the hull. In this case, the stretched cable almost touches the support pipe. But this is how it should be, because the closer it is to the ground, the smaller the leverage of the traction force that creates a moment that can overturn the winch. How does Morozov plow with his electric plow? Having installed the winch on the edge of the support pipe, he disengages the gears and takes the plow to the opposite end of the site. At the same time, the cable unwinds freely. Then one of the sons of the craftsman engages the gears with the clutch lever and turns on the electric motor. The drum begins to wind the cable, the plow starts to move, the plowman can only guide it along the furrow. When he reaches the edge of the field, the son turns off the drill, and everything repeats from the beginning. Undoubtedly. the winch-plow complex, created by a rural craftsman, is interesting. But, before recommending it for repetition, I would like to make a proposal aimed at improving the design of this complex. The fact is that it is possible to plow a plot with an electric plow, as follows from the description, only together. The one who will work alone will not be able to be at the plow and at the winch at the same time. Therefore, he must take care that the control of the clutch and drill is concentrated on the plow. For this, the clutch, for example, can be made electromagnetic. However, experience shows that, no matter how successfully a stationary source of traction works, an autonomous motorized plow is still better. It has more advantages: you can go around the obstacle, and you don’t need to drag it back empty, and it takes less effort to keep it in the furrow, and so on. In a word, those who are inspired by the idea of building an electric plow should focus on an electric walk-behind tractor. But this does not mean at all that Morozov's experience should be consigned to oblivion. The fact of the matter is that what he created is very valuable. Take a closer look, because its design has everything you need to create an electric walk-behind tractor! Unless there are not enough wheels ... The cable, support pipe and tragus, of course, will no longer be used. ...One successful thought gives birth to another, more successful one. And there is no doubt that the day is not far off when electric walk-behind tractors will help rural workers grow rich crops on a par with their crackling gasoline counterparts. Author: V.Kozubov
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