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TOOLS AND MECHANISMS FOR AGRICULTURE
Self-spinning wheel with foot drive. Drawing, description
Directory / Tools and mechanisms for agriculture A self-spinning wheel with a foot drive is one of the most ancient mechanical helpers in domestic work. Proven by more than one generation of needlewomen, it combines rationality, simplicity and convenience. These qualities have been preserved by the modern spinning wheel shown in the figure. The principle remains the same: a horizontally located spindle is driven by a belt drive from a large flywheel pulley, and that from the pedal by a connecting rod. The material for the main parts is wood. Start making the spinning wheel from the stand. To do this, you need a bar with a section of 50x80 mm and a height of 750 mm, preferably straight-layer and without knots, made of hardwood (oak, beech, ash, larch). If there is no workpiece of this size, glue it from several - a smaller section. Round one end, immediately make a through hole for the axis of the spindle pulley, this will be the upper part of the rack. First, pass the base hole with a small diameter drill: about 3 mm, then the counterbores d 19 mm on both sides for the bearing seats will be concentric. Then drill a hole in the jumper up to d 7 mm - for the passage of the axis. In the same sequence, nests are made for the bearings of the flywheel axis in the middle part of the rack. Here their diameter is 30 mm, and the axis channel is 11 mm. At the bottom of the rack, cut out on both sides inclined (at an angle of 10 °) manholes 10 mm deep and 20 mm wide. During assembly, they will include the base of the spinning wheel, which can be cut out of a 20 mm thick board or glued from two sheets of 10 mm plywood. A pedal made of a wooden plate measuring 130x270x20 mm is attached to the base using a conventional window hinge. The connecting rod is a wooden block with a section of 15x40 mm and a length of 340 mm with holes at the ends for installing bearings. It can be metal, but then, to preserve the style, cover it with a wooden pencil case. Since the lower point of the connecting rod, when the pedal is swinging, is forced to deviate in two planes, it is advisable to connect it to the pedal through a spherical bearing, or use the ball end of the connecting rod from a foot sewing machine.
The flywheel and the spindle pulley are cut out of 10 mm thick plywood, their outer diameters are respectively 370 and 100 mm. A groove along the end of the perimeter under the drive belt with a width and depth of 4 mm is either sawn through or obtained by gluing pulleys from three disks: two side and a central one, reduced in diameter by 8 mm. Then the pulley and flywheel are fastened with M5 screws to their hubs, machined from a brass or duralumin billet. The bearing units of the pulley and the flywheel, mounted in a rack, are of the same design and differ only in the size of the bearings used: the load on the flywheel axis is greater, and the bearings are larger there. The axes are fixed in the rack from the back with M4 screws. Since the rotation of the spindle gives the tail upper axis, they are mutually fixed from turning with a cotter pin. The spindle is a metal rod d 10 mm and 300 mm long, pointed on one side, and on the other having an internal longitudinal drilling d 6,1 mm. The spindle is attached to the axle shank, like the pulley hub, through a radial through hole with a retainer with a rubber ring. It is better to choose a leather drive belt with a section of 3X3 mm. Its ends are connected, as on foot sewing machines, with a thin wire clip. The drive to the flywheel from the rocking pedal is a crank. The role of the crank is performed by the axis of the connecting rod upper bearing eccentrically mounted on the flywheel. It is an M8X1 bolt clamped with a nut at a distance of 40 mm from the flywheel axis. The bolt shank machined to d 6 mm serves as a landing spike for the connecting rod bearing. When all the details of the spinning wheel are ready, proceed to finishing. Carefully sand the surfaces, round off sharp edges with a file; then prime with hot drying oil 2-3 times and varnish. If you want to preserve the natural color and texture of wood, take a transparent furniture varnish - NTs-222 or NTs-228. In this case, it should be primed with the same, diluted the varnish with a solvent in a ratio of 1: 1. Start assembling the spinning wheel by fixing the stand on the base with any suitable glue: casein, carpentry, epoxy. Then assemble the axle bearing assemblies in the rack, install the flywheel and pulley, and connect the wheels with a belt.
The next step is to assemble the connecting rod mechanism. After attaching the upper head of the connecting rod to the crank, turn the flywheel to the bottom dead center position and specify the location of the hinge flap on the pedal. The last operation is the installation of the spindle on the axis of the pulley. In addition to the spinning wheel, make a stool that matches it in size. As a material, use boards or glued plywood. The seat can be round d 300 mm or square. The role of the legs is performed by two supports connected by a cross. To do this, central grooves are cut out in them, in one support - from above, and in the other - from below by half the height. When assembling, the grooves fit into each other. The seat is attached with four screws. Deepen the holes for their heads and, after assembly, close with wooden plugs. A few words about working on a spinning wheel. First, loosen the "raw" wool, comb it with a metal brush - combed. Pull out a bunch of wool from the total mass and fasten it, for example, tie it in a knot on a spindle. Depressing the pedal, rotate the crank and make the spindle rotate clockwise at a comfortable speed for work. Spreading the fibers with your left hand and pulling them a little, slowly twist them in the same direction. At the same time, they will twist with a greater speed and a spindle. When the thread is long enough, wind it around the spindle, turning it in the opposite direction. Re-tie the thread in a knot, and so on. Author: N.Konovalov
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