Starter-generator. History of invention and production

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HISTORY OF TECHNOLOGY, TECHNOLOGY, OBJECTS AROUND US
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Starter-generator. History of invention and production

The history of technology, technology, objects around us

Directory / The history of technology, technology, objects around us

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Starter (English starter, from start - start, set in motion), the main unit of the engine starting system, spinning its shaft to the speed required to start the engine. The main components of the starter are an engine, a gearbox, devices for coupling and disengaging with the main engine shaft, a starting device (for starters that cannot start independently, for example, gasoline, turbochargers).

According to the principle of operation, starters are divided into inertial, direct action and combined. In inertial starters, the flywheel is first spun, in which energy is accumulated, which ensures that the main engine shaft is scrolled when it is engaged with the shaft. The direct-acting starter spins the main engine shaft directly. There are electric starters, pneumatic, hydraulic, gasoline, turbo starters.

Starter generator

One hundred years ago, every journey in a car began with the traditional rotation of the crank. This occupation was not only physically difficult, but also unsafe - a torn handle could lead to serious injuries. Today, starting the engine with a slight turn of the key in the ignition of your car, remember the man who turned a capricious horseless cart into a comfortable means of transportation.

Charles Kettering was born in 1876 in Ohio. At the age of 22, he entered the state college of engineering, and in 1904 got a job with the National Cash Register (NCR), which designed and manufactured cash registers. There, Kettering was immediately noted for several serious inventions: an electromagnetic key drive, a remote credit approval system for department stores, a spring-operated money drawer. His most important achievement was the development of an electric drive for the cash register of the apparatus (before that they were driven by the rotation of the handle) from a very compact engine.

In 1908, Kettering was approached by one of the directors of NCR, Edward Deeds, who was fond of building home-made cars, and suggested that the young inventor improve the ignition system. Kettering, who then not only did not know how to drive a car, but also had a very rough idea of \u1909b\u8000bits device, nevertheless enthusiastically took up the task. He recruited several subordinates to work, and they set to work in Deeds' barn. By XNUMX, the "barn gang," as they called themselves, had developed an ignition system based on a magnetic relay and a coil. This system was superior to any that existed then, and Henry Leland, the head of Cadillac, who ordered XNUMX systems, drew attention to it. And the barn gang became Delco (Dayton Engineering Laboratories Company).

In 1910, Leland told Kettering about a recently deceased friend whose head had been crushed by a handle that had come off, and the inventor wondered if it could be dispensed with. Many inventors of that time unsuccessfully tried to create an electric starter. There is no place for a large electric motor under the hood, and a small one is not able to spin the heavy flywheel of the internal combustion engine. But Kettering soon realized that this electric motor should not run continuously, but only for a very short time. Then it can be decoupled from the engine or used as a generator for the ignition system and headlights.

As a model, Charles took a cash register drive with a gearbox and a clutch system of his own design, which worked in approximately the same mode. The key element of the system was the carbon voltage regulator and switch, which Delco employees took the longest to perfect.

In February 1911, Kettering presented Leland with a Cadillac with an electric starter and a generator, and the following year, serial cars of this brand began to equip these systems. And soon - and all other cars.

Author: S.Apresov

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