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HISTORY OF TECHNOLOGY, TECHNOLOGY, OBJECTS AROUND US
Boat motor. History of invention and production
Directory / The history of technology, technology, objects around us An outboard motor is an outboard motor attached to the rigid transom of a boat. It became widespread in the second half of the XNUMXth century on small boats (motor boats).
Currently, outboard motors are predominantly built according to the scheme proposed by Ol Evinrud in 1906. This scheme has a vertical layout of nodes. The main advantages compared to a stationary one: the outboard motor does not take up the useful volume of the vessel, it is easily dismantled, which allows you to store an expensive unit in a safe place. Ole Evinrud's outboard motor was not the first on the market, but it turned out to be more reliable and more perfect than competitors' products. Ole Evinrude was born on April 19, 1877. When he was five years old, the family moved from Norway to the USA. During the transatlantic journey, Ole was stuck in the engine room almost without getting out, his parents literally took him out of there by force. In America, the family settled on a farm in Wisconsin. There were 11 children in the family, and everyone, without exception, had to work hard. But the boy did not forget either the sea or cars, and all his free time he made models of sailboats. At the age of 16, Ole launched his first real sailing ship into the waters of Lake Ripley, and his father gave in to his son's desire to take up mechanics, sending him to Madison, where he got a job as an apprentice in the workshop of Fuller and Johnson. After gaining experience, he moved to Pittsburgh, where he joined a steel mill, and then to Chicago, where he learned how to work on various machine tools. In 1900, Ole returned to Wisconsin and, together with a partner, founded the model shop Clemiek & Evinrude. Most of all, he was interested in the recently appeared internal combustion engines and "horseless carts." Company employee Bess Carey became the impetus for Ole's inventive activity. One Sunday in August 1906, Ole and Bess went on a picnic with friends to an island in a lake near Milwaukee. The day was hot, Bess wanted ice cream, and Olya decided to romantically fulfill the girl's desire. The 8 km that Olya had to row in 30-degree heat to the shore and back demonstrated his feelings for Bess and spurred his inventive mind. It was probably then that Evinrude realized that the car was not the only vehicle on which an internal combustion engine could be installed. Indeed, why not equip a rowboat with a motor? A year later, Ole left the partnership with Klemik, founded a couple more companies and built a car, but all these initiatives were not very successful. But he married Bess and returned to the idea of an outboard motor. By 1909, a 30-kilogram 1,5-liter engine. s., similar to a coffee grinder, was ready for production. The advertisement was taken up by Evinrud's wife. Unfortunately, due to hard work, the health of Ole and his wife was undermined, in 1914 they sold their business and went on a trip to return five years later ... with a new project for the production of a two-cylinder engine!
Ole Evinrude did not stop improving his products until his death in 1934. His son Ralph continued the family business by merging his company with the rival Johnson Motor Company in 1936 under the name Outboard Marine Corporation (OMC), which survived until 2000.
The internal combustion engine 1 is fixed in the upper part of the intermediate housing (deadwood) 4. The crankshaft of the engine is located vertically. Magneto 2 and starter 3 are fixed at the upper end of the crankshaft. A vertical shaft passes inside the intermediate housing 4, connecting the engine crankshaft and the gearbox. Also inside the intermediate housing there are water supply pipes for engine cooling, gear control rods. Through the intermediate housing, the exhaust gases are exhausted into the water. From below, an angular conical single-stage reduction gear 5 is attached to the intermediate housing, which ensures the transmission of rotation to the propeller 6. On motors with a power of up to 5 hp. With. the gearbox may not have a clutch and a reverse mechanism. On engines with a power of 5 to 12 liters. With. the presence of a clutch in the gearbox is mandatory, but the reverse mechanism may be absent. On motors with a power of over 12 hp. must have a clutch and a reverse mechanism. Typically, the clutch and reverse mechanism are combined into one unit, called the reverse clutch. Author: S.Apresov
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