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HISTORY OF TECHNOLOGY, TECHNOLOGY, OBJECTS AROUND US
Correction fluid. History of invention and production
Directory / The history of technology, technology, objects around us A proofreader (also a stroke, a stroke corrector) is a clerical tool with which the correction of errors in the text is carried out, the correction of what is written on paper. There are several types of correctors, both in terms of the composition of the masking substance and the method of application. The corrective substance has a smooth, white, matte color. Using a brush or other tool, the correction fluid is applied in an even layer on an error or a blot on the document, dries, after which a thin crust is formed on which you can write or make corrections.
Correctors can be divided into liquid and dry. At the heart of any liquid stroke corrector is a correction fluid. They are produced with special balls inside, which contribute to the effective shaking of the composition. They can be made in the form of a pen with a metal tip. The corrective element can be in the form of a spatula, brush or foam applicator.
Before the invention of the word processor, correction fluid was the primary means of editing printed documents. The first liquid type corrector was invented by American Bette Graham in 1951, who later founded the Liquid Paper Company. Bette Nesmith Graham wasn't planning on making millions at all. She only wanted to correct her own mistakes. Or rather, typos. But this led her to success - she invented a simple thing that has become as necessary for secretaries-typists as a typewriter. In 1942, Bette Claire MacMurray, at the age of 18, married Warren Nesmith, but the marriage did not last long, and she soon became a single mother raising her son. Although Bette studied painting, her dreams of becoming an artist had to be abandoned because she had to earn a living. After completing her secretary-typist course, she took a job at Texas Bank & Trust in Dallas. Here Bette ran into a problem: the new electric cars were unusual for her, and Bette made many typos in the documents. She tried to erase them, but it did not always work out, and such papers looked extremely careless. “Then I remembered that the artists, having made a mistake, do not erase the paint from the canvas, but cover up the blot,” Bette later recalled, “and decided to do the same. I took some white paint, tempera, diluted it in water and the resulting mixture, along with I took one of the watercolor brushes with me to the office." The method, tried in 1951, proved to be successful, but since Bette corrected her own mistakes, she did not advertise this method widely. However, other secretaries, who also made typos, drew attention to the strange manipulations of a colleague. They began to ask Bette to share the "wonderful liquid", and the inventor went to meet them, calling her know-how Mistake Out. A few years later, this was noticed by a stationery supplier who suggested that Bette put her invention on a commercial basis. However, Bette did not even have the money to pay for the registration of a patent or trademark. Since the Mistake Out liquid took too long to dry, Bette continued to try to improve the composition, experimenting in her own kitchen in the evenings and on weekends. Her son's chemistry teacher acted as a consultant, and employees from a local paint company taught her how to mix and dilute paints. In the end, Bette decided that it was time for a commercial launch, bought several dozen nail polish bottles and filled them with paint, which she renamed Liquid Paper ("liquid paper"). In 1958, the trade magazine Office wrote about her invention, and letters rained down on Bette. By then, she was working as a secretary at IBM during the day and answering letters in the evenings. She became so confused that one day, while retyping an official letter for IBM, she signed it with her company name. This mistake cost Bette her job at IBM, but she devoted herself entirely to entrepreneurship. In 1962, Bette married sales agent Robert Graham, who began to help with sales. In 1968, Liquid Paper built a new factory capable of producing a million bottles of correction fluid a year, and four years later, factories were operating in Canada and Belgium. Gillette bought Liquid Paper in 1979 for $47 million. Yes, human error can be very costly! Author: S.Apresov
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