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HISTORY OF TECHNOLOGY, TECHNOLOGY, OBJECTS AROUND US
Barbed wire. History of invention and production
Directory / The history of technology, technology, objects around us In the second half of the XNUMXth century, active development of the southwestern Great Plains began in the United States. At first, pastoralists came to these lands, but as agriculture developed, the settlers needed to fence pastures in order to protect pastures from “foreign” livestock. However, the territories in the West were large, and the traditional material for building hedges - wood - was in short supply (it had to be transported by rail from the east). A wire fence was a cheaper solution, but the herds of cattle barely "noticed" it in their path. One fine day in 1873, at the DeKalb County Fair in Illinois, local farmer Henry Rose proudly demonstrated his ingenious invention - a board from which sharpened nails stuck out in different directions. In order to put an insurmountable barrier in front of the cows, such a contraption, according to Rose, had to be inserted into a wire fence. It was this invention that interested three friends who visited the fair that day - Joseph Glidden, Isaac Ellwood and Jacob Heisch. Farmer Joseph Glidden decided to eliminate the plank from Rose's idea, and began experimenting with short wire thorns wrapped in two turns around a long wire (he used an old coffee grinder to speed up this process). However, the thorns did not want to stay in their places and all the time "crawled away" somewhere. To secure them in place, Glidden used a second piece of wire wrapped around the first. The design was so successful that ironmonger Ellwood offered the inventor a business partnership.
The timber merchant Heisch, meanwhile, patented his design and founded a company. In the autumn of 1873, Glidden applied for a patent, but received it only in November of the following year. At the same time, the partners founded the Barb Fence Company. Until the end of 1874, they sold 5 tons of barbed wire, and for the whole next year - 300 tons. The boom in demand generated a large number of patents - about 600 - and patent battles continued for many years. Joseph Glidden was recognized as the winner and "father of barbed wire". He was not the first and not the last inventor, just his design was the most successful. In 1876, the Massachusetts company Washburn and Moen offered Glidden to sell his share in the enterprise. The business-weary inventor farmer agreed, receiving $60 in compensation and a royalty of 000 cents for every 50 kg of wire sold in the future. This money made him, by the time of his death in 100, one of the richest men in the United States. Barbed wire fencing has become the standard for keeping cattle in most states, but not in all countries. The wire is stretched between poles and then attached at the correct height to wooden poles and boards, or steel poles. The gaps between the pillars vary depending on the landscape - in hilly areas, pillars can be placed every 3 meters, while on the plain at a distance of 30-50 meters from each other. The posts are usually placed 10 meters apart with 4-5 boards between them. Barbed wire for agricultural fencing is available in two versions: "soft" from mild steel and "elastic". Both types are galvanized for longer life. Elastic wire is made thinner, but steel is stronger. Greater strength allows longer sections to be made. It withstands stretching created by animals and temperature changes. But because of its elasticity, it is more difficult to handle. Soft wire is much easier to work with, but is less durable and only suitable for short sections. In New Zealand, thorny fences make passages for dogs, as they are the main means of controlling animals on farms. Soon barbed wire began to be used against people. It began to be used to protect land plots, enterprises and other territories that needed to be protected from intrusion by outsiders (for example, it protects the control and trail strip on the state border). Author: S.Apresov
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