Solar fruit dryer. Drawing, description

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Solar fruit dryer. Tips for the home master

Builder, home master

Dry fruits in different ways. Most often - by the air-solar method, which, in addition to obvious advantages (simplicity, accessibility, etc.), has disadvantages known to all.

The proposed version of the solar dryer is free from many disadvantages inherent in other designs. The "greenhouse effect" works in it, as they say, one hundred percent, providing a temperature under the film 20-25 ° C higher than the ambient temperature.

The drying process here is almost 3 times more intensive: due to the inclination of the drying area and the difference in air temperatures, conditions are created for optimal circulation of the latter inside the installation and the positive effect of natural convection. Part of the solar energy is accumulated in the soil (under the "bottom" of the dryer, which is the spread blackened roll paper), allowing you to extend the daily drying cycle by 5-6 hours. The productivity of the installation, despite its apparent "weakness", is 0,3-0,5 kg of dried fruits per day from one square meter of the radiation-receiving surface.

The design of a solar dryer at first glance is not much different from traditional "film" greenhouses. In fact, the same box with a vaulted roof made of transparent synthetics on a rigid frame. Material for the manufacture of boards - any. For example, boards of suitable sizes. Connected to each other with the help of spikes reinforced with metal corners (not shown in the illustration), they form a solid frame oriented towards the sun with a ray-receiving surface for attaching other elements to it.

Solar fruit dryer
Rice. 1. Solar dryer for thermal fruit processing: 1 - rod (aluminum tube filled with sand), 2 - transparent cover (polyethylene film), 3 - tension device (rubber bandage), 4 - frame arcs (aluminum pipes), 5 - frame ( board 20x200 mm), 6 - rack for fastening the frame arc (steel bar), 7 - heat-absorbing coating of the base of the dryer (thick black paper).

Steel rod-racks are screwed to the side walls, on which the tubular arches of the arch are mounted. Moreover, as the latter, you can use gymnastic hoops sawn and unbent according to the template up to R = 750 mm: aluminum, with a diameter of 900 mm. To increase the strength, the ends of the tubular arcs mounted on steel rods are pinned (not shown in the illustration). In addition, the resulting frame can be additionally fastened on top of the longitudinal tubular element.

The transparent coating itself is welded, made of synthetic (for example, polyethylene) rolled film. Two sidewalls are firmly attached to the main sheet, leaving an unattached section of the main sheet (about 100 mm) on the north side of the dryer - to form a ventilation gap. It is also necessary to provide for something else: a boiled bend for the subsequent strengthening of the rod in it - a piece of pipe of the appropriate diameter (it can be from straightened gymnastic hoops) filled with sand.

Solar fruit dryer
Rice. 2. Ways of fixing the transparent coating of the solar dryer. A - with the help of clothespins: 1 - clothespin, 2 - metal bar, 3 - film, 4 - support (wooden bead with a section of 15x15 mm), 5 - dryer base frame. B - with the help of a rail and nails: 1 - a nail, 2 - a rail with a section of 15x15 mm, 3 - a film, 4 - a dryer base frame. B - using spikes and metal rods: 1 - metal rods, 2 - film, 3 - spike (nail without a hat), 4 - dryer base frame

Of the existing options for attaching a synthetic coating to a frame, the glazing bead clamp, the pricking of the edge of the film wrapped between two metal bars onto nails hammered every 200 mm without hats, and also a detachable connection using ... clothespins have proven themselves well in practice. The latter can also be used to fix the rod at the desired height, which provides a given mode of ventilation during drying.

To reduce the friction of the film on the arcs of the frame (and, accordingly, increase the service life of the transparent coating of the solar dryer), I recommend wrapping these metal elements with a strip of old film. Rubber bandages also serve to increase the durability of the coating, from which a tensioning device is made, which ensures a constant tension of the film in case of sharp gusts of wind.

Solar fruit dryer
Rice. 3. A device for welding a polyethylene film: 1 - welding roller (steel washer with knurling along the outer diameter), 2 - roller axis (rivet), 3 - fork (fixed in an electric soldering iron instead of a regular tip)

The solar dryer is located on a sloping site, oriented to the south, in order to maximize the use of the radiant flow of solar energy. The angle of inclination depends on the geographic latitude of the given area and is within 20 ... 30 ° for the middle zone of the country.

Pre-treated (blanching, sulfitation) raw materials are placed inside the unit on spread paper (blackened, rolled). Approximately 10-12 kg per square meter. The sun's rays, passing through a transparent synthetic film, are absorbed by the dried products. The mode of operation is largely determined by the width of the ventilation slot, which regulates the intensity of air exchange.

The possibility of using the plant as a greenhouse in spring for growing early seedlings is not ruled out.

Author: S.Larkin

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