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How was the situation at the front and in the rear in 1915-1916? Detailed answer
Directory / Big encyclopedia. Questions for quiz and self-education Did you know? How was the situation at the front and in the rear in 1915-1916? By the beginning of 1915, it became obvious that in reality the war was noticeably different from what it was seen by the staff of the General Staffs of the great powers in the pre-war period. Due to the fact that the war had become protracted, it was important for its main actors to enlist the support of new allies in order to break the existing balance of power in this way. In 1915, the scope of hostilities expanded due to the entry into the war of two new countries - Bulgaria on the side of Germany and Italy on the side of the Entente. But the fate of the war was still decided on the Eastern and Western fronts. In 1915, the Russian army began to experience difficulties caused by the fact that the military industry could not provide it with the proper amount of ammunition, weapons and ammunition. Germany decided in 1915 to strike the main blow on the Eastern Front. In the winter and spring of this year, fighting unfolded along the entire length of this front. In Galicia, things went well for the Russian troops. The Austrian troops suffered defeat after defeat, and the threat of complete defeat hung over them. In May, the Germans came to the aid of their ally, whose unexpected strike between Gorlice and Tarnow led to a breakthrough in the front and the forced withdrawal of Russian troops from Galicia, Poland and Lithuania. Throughout the summer, our troops had to fight heavy defensive battles, and only in the autumn did they manage to stop the German offensive. In 1916, hostilities on the Western Front intensified. In February 1916, the German command launched its largest-scale operation, trying to capture the strategically important French fortress of Verdun. However, despite colossal efforts and huge losses, the German troops were never able to take it. To weaken the onslaught of the Germans on Verdun, the Anglo-French army, in turn, tried to break through the German defense line near the Somme River. In this battle, which lasted from July to the end of November 1916, the British and French used tanks for the first time. Nevertheless, the battle on the Somme did not bring tangible operational results. The situation on the Eastern Front was more successful for the Entente. In the midst of the fighting near Verdun, the French command again turned to Russia for help. The call for support also came from the Italian army, which was defeated by the Austro-Hungarian troops. In the summer of 1916, the Russian command launched a series of offensive operations. The army under the leadership of General A. Brusilov broke through the Austrian front on the line Lutsk - Chernivtsi. Russian troops again occupied most of Galicia and Bukovina, putting Austria-Hungary on the brink of military defeat. The Brusilovsky breakthrough stopped the activity of the Austrians on the Italian front and greatly facilitated the position of the Anglo-French troops near Verdun and on the Somme. The dispersion of combat forces in many directions weakened Germany. The huge scale of hostilities led to the depletion of material and food resources in all the warring powers. In all the warring countries, military fatigue was felt, and anti-war protests grew. The situation in the countries of the German bloc was especially difficult. In Germany, the number of workers on strike was steadily growing. On May 1, 1916, on the initiative of K. Liebknecht, a left-wing Social Democrat from the Spartak group, a mass demonstration took place along the streets of Berlin under the slogans "Down with the war!", "Down with the government!" In Austria-Hungary, the anti-war sentiments of the working masses were closely intertwined with the national liberation movement. Turkey is in a deep economic crisis. Discontent grew in Bulgaria. Even in Britain and France, where the crisis was not so deep, there were major strikes and demonstrations. However, the most acute was the situation in tsarist Russia. The futility of 30 months of almost uninterrupted battles, the death of millions of soldiers, the collapse of the national economy, devastation, famine, the disintegration of the government apparatus - all this restored broad sections of the population against tsarism. Autocracy in Russia was in deep crisis. As a result, in February 1917, a revolution took place in the country, which led to the overthrow of the tsarist regime. Author: Irina Tkachenko
Who are lizards? Lizards belong to the class of reptiles, or reptiles, which also includes crocodiles, turtles, and snakes. There are about three thousand species of lizards. A typical lizard has four legs, a short body and a long tail. All lizards change their scaly skin several times a year. They live in all parts of the world, except for the polar regions. Tropical zones are most favorable for them, but they can also live in regions with a temperate climate. Here in winter the lizards hibernate. Most lizards are small: they usually do not reach half a meter in length. The largest lizards are monitor lizards of Komodo Island in Indonesia, which can reach three meters in length and weigh about one hundred and forty kilograms. They are very reminiscent of mythical dragons from fairy tales. As a rule, lizards do not live long. Some live only two or three years. The record lifespan for a lizard in captivity is twenty-five years. Most lizards feed on insects, catching them with their long tongue right in the air. They usually swallow their prey whole. Although lizards have teeth and use them to hold their prey, they rarely use them to bite or chew it. Some lizards have a very specific "diet". For example, horned lizards usually feed on ants. Other lizards eat grass or only fruits. Large monitor lizards are one of the few carnivorous lizards. They feed on carrion, and sometimes they catch small wild pigs, which they swallow whole. Most species of lizards hatch from eggs, but there are some that are born alive. The female usually buries the eggs in the ground or hides them in the trunks of rotten fallen trees. Often she protects her eggs from animals who want to eat them. Small lizards sitting in an egg grow special "egg teeth" above the upper jaw. These teeth are used to break through the eggshell when it's time to hatch. And then those teeth disappear. Many lizards live in deserts. They are able to endure such heat and dryness in which many animals cannot live.
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