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BUILDER, HOUSEHOLDER
Stairs. Tips for the home master
Directory / Builder, home master To climb to the second floor in a two-story apartment, to the attic of a garden house, cottage or country house, you need a ladder. But what? It must be reliable and comfortable, withstand a load of at least 150 kg, occupy a minimum area in the room and organically fit into its interior space or even decorate the interior. By design, stairs are two- or one-flight, that is, with or without an intermediate platform; the latter are more suitable for low rural, garden houses and cottages with an attic. For residential premises with a height of more than 2500 mm, stairs in two or one and a half flights are functionally justified, and the vector of the second flight passes, as a rule, at an angle of 90 ° -180 ° with respect to the first. Such options are not excluded, when the second march is installed parallel to the first or is a continuation of it, is divided by an intermediate platform.
The space under the stairs is usually used for utility rooms, equipped as a recreation area, etc. Cabinets, shelves, a sofa, a chest for household needs or tools are placed here. In all cases, the overall solution should, according to the design and nature of the structures, be integral with the staircase. Marches leading to the second floor are trying to be open. Therefore, their shape, proportions, finishes and colors are so important. Everything must be taken into account: the thickness of the stringers, the dimensions of the steps, the railings, and most importantly, the angle of inclination of the stairs. It can be from 45° to 60°. Very steep stairs (slope over 60°) are difficult to climb, unsafe for children, difficult for the elderly. True, with an increase in the angle of inclination of the march, the area occupied by the stairs decreases. The width of the march is sufficient and 600-700 mm, the angle of inclination is 60 °. The height of the railing from the level of the steps is 80 cm. Before you build a staircase, you should choose the most convenient place for its placement, determine the height and slope, and also decide which design to choose. The diagrams show various options for organizing marches (Fig. 1).
Taking into account the sequence of walking along the steps, it is possible to reduce the length of their supporting platforms or place them at an angle of 120 ° (Fig. 1) - in all cases, the thickness of the board for the step is 40 mm, and the riser - 30 mm. Each step or riser rests or cuts into stringers - parallel beams resting on the floor of the first floor and the floor beam of the second.
A slightly different version of the device for a single-flight staircase was suggested by the Hungarian magazine Ezermeshter (Fig. 3). As a bearing part (kosour), a volumetric box is used, formed by two inclined shields and risers attached to them on the sides. The length of the box depends on the height of the floor and the angle of inclination.
A shaped step of variable width from 110 to 240 mm and a length of 650 mm is laid on each pair of risers. Its largest platform will be the support for the leg. For sufficiently spacious rooms (more than 15 m2), a spiral staircase can be recommended. It also fits well into the interior, being its additional decorative element. If the space for such a staircase is still limited in size, it can adjoin the walls of the room. The design shown in Figure 4 was demonstrated at one of the exhibitions in Moscow by the Finnish company Proba OY for a single-family residential building. Such a ladder is assembled from standard elements, like a children's designer. The steps are fixed with only one end and are a console; the other end is connected to vertical posts forming a stepped handrail.
Outwardly, the seemingly complex shape of the stairs is actually created from simple elements: identical step plates and spacers between them in the form of wooden disks or cylinders, the total height of which is 100 mm. In the variant under consideration, all these elements are strung on a metal pipe rigidly fixed in the floor (bottom) and in the ceiling (top). The thickness of the board for the step is 50 mm, the length is 1000 mm; width in the area of the support - 280 mm, with the edge at the railing - 425 mm. In a higher room, the stairs can be two-flight or one and a half-flight (Fig. 5), which allows you to maintain an angle of inclination of 45 °. The march design here also consists of two parallel stringers, on which steps and risers are installed. The beams of the intermediate platform are attached to the walls and a wooden post, which at the same time fixes the stringer of the stairs. The railing of the fence 800 mm high is also attached to the same post. The dimensions of the intermediate platform are the same in width and length (750x750 mm): after all, it joins with sections of the stairs of the same width.
And figure 6 shows the design of a steep staircase proposed by S. Novikov from the city of Orel.
What is its feature? It differs from others in that each step is made of a board with a cutout: first, the workpiece is divided in half in the longitudinal and transverse directions, and then a part is cut out of it. All steps are attached to the stringers so that the cutout of the first of them is on the right, and the next one is on the left, then again on the right, etc. Thanks to this arrangement, the ascent and descent is simplified, since the leaning foot, thanks to the cutout, is not interfered with by the step located above, which is especially noticeable when the stairs are steep. It is very important to choose the right color for the stairs, matching it with the interior. Good effect gives transparent furniture varnish; oil paint is also suitable in combinations of light and dark tones (yellow and brown, black and light gray, etc.). Author: V. Strashnov
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