What are the consequences of the collapse of the colonial system? Detailed answer

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What are the consequences of the collapse of the colonial system? Detailed answer

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What are the consequences of the collapse of the colonial system?

One of the characteristic features of post-war development was the growth of the national liberation movement and national liberation revolutions, which ultimately led to the collapse of the colonial system of the Western countries.

National liberation revolutions were aimed at destroying foreign domination, winning national independence and creating sovereign states on the site of former colonial possessions.

By the end of World War II, the national liberation movement had reached its greatest extent in Asian countries.

As a result of the Japanese occupation in Burma, Indonesia, and the Philippines, the power of the European and American colonialists was eliminated. These countries fell into the zone of Japanese influence. In Vietnam (then part of French Indochina), the Vietnam Independence League was founded and the Vietnamese Liberation Army was created.

At the first news of Japan's surrender, Vietnam, Indonesia, and Burma declared their independence. In Vietnam, as a result of the August Revolution of 1945, power passed to the National Liberation Committee, headed by the leader of the Communist Party of the country, Ho Chi Minh.

The popular masses of the Philippines, India, Malaya, as well as Syria, Lebanon, Palestine, etc., resolutely demanded independence.

Faced with a powerful upsurge in the national liberation movement, the ruling circles of the metropolitan countries either sought to retain the colonies by military force or to recognize the independence of the former colonies.

In 1946, the United States announced that they were granting independence to the Philippine Islands. In the same year, England announced the abolition of the mandate for Transjordan (which took the name of Jordan). The British government agreed to grant self-government or independence to some of its former colonies in Asia. On August 15, 1947, England announced the division of India on religious grounds into two states - India and Pakistan - and granting each of them the status of a dominion (ie, the right to self-government). An outstanding figure of the Indian national liberation movement D. Nehru became the head of the first independent government of India, and the head of the Muslim League, Liaquat Ali Khan, became the head of the government of Pakistan. In 1950, India renounced its dominion status and declared itself a republic. In 1956 a republic was proclaimed in Pakistan.

In January 1948, the long struggle of the peoples of Burma ended in victory. The British government recognized its independence. Burma left the British Commonwealth of Nations. In 1948, he received the rights of a dominion that used to be part of the colony of India, the island of Ceylon (now Sri Lanka).

Along with the British in the 1940s. part of the French and Dutch colonies achieved independence. In 1946, France was forced to confirm the independence of Syria and Lebanon and withdraw its troops from these countries. In 1947, the Netherlands recognized the Republic of Indonesia, although the Dutch troops tried to keep part of its islands under their control.

The final chord of decolonization was the liberation from colonial dependence of the peoples of Tropical Africa at the turn of the 60s. 40th century About XNUMX independent states arose on the ruins of the colonial empires of Great Britain, France, and Belgium.

Portugal resisted decolonization the longest. It fought against the rebels in Angola and Mozambique until 1974. Namibia's independence in 1990 crowns this global process of eliminating colonialism.

The emergence of about a hundred new states on the former colonial periphery is of great historical significance. These states have become an important factor in world politics. They make up approximately 2/3 of the UN member states. Decolonization is even more important for the development of human civilization on a global scale. Decolonization has changed the vector of historical development of the countries of Asia and Africa. The peoples of independent states now have the opportunity for independent development, taking into account national traditions and cultural and civilizational characteristics. The paths of diverse social development were opened.

Author: Irina Tkachenko

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