What are the specific features of the Abbasid Caliphate? Detailed answer

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What are the specific features of the Abbasid Caliphate? Detailed answer

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What are the specific features of the Abbasid Caliphate?

The reign of the Abbasid dynasty was bloody. Accusing the Umayyads of immoral behavior, Abu-l-Abbas as-Saffah ("he who shed blood"), the great-grandson of Abbas, Muhammad's uncle, exterminated members of the reigning dynasty in 750 in Damascus. Under the Abbasids, who ruled until 1258, the empire became cosmopolitan and open to Iranian influence. So, the famous family of Barmekids gave several viziers (ministers).

The heirs of the eastern despots, the caliphs, brought in their court an unparalleled splendor and luxury. In 762, al-Mansur (754-775) founded Baghdad ("city of peace") in Iraq and made it the capital of the empire. One of his most famous successors, Harun al-Rashid (786-809), who symbolically handed over the keys to Jerusalem to Charlemagne, became the hero of many tales of the Thousand and One Nights. For three centuries Abbasid Iraq was the center of world civilization. All branches of knowledge developed there: history, geography, philosophy, medicine, mathematics, physics, astronomy. All the great scientists of that time were Muslims.

The era of the Abbasids is the era of rapid growth of cities - Samarra, Bukhara, Samarkand, Fez. The great builders of palaces, the caliphs, also created a tax department and central administration bodies for the treasury, the army, and legal proceedings ("sofas"). To transmit orders, they updated and improved a wonderful service borrowed from Byzantium and Iran - mail ("barid"): more than a thousand postal stations passed the messenger, bringing to the central authorities information about the situation on the borders, the state of affairs in the provinces, the actions of petty rulers and officials. It was also necessary to maintain order: from the army of fellow believers from the time of the first conquests, they had to move to a professional army consisting of mercenaries.

The golden age of Andalusia and the Maghreb, as in a mirror, reflects the heyday of the Abbasids, differing, however, in less pomp, but more sophistication and sensitivity. Abd-ar-Rahman I, who escaped death during the extermination of the Umayyads, founded the Emirate of Cordoba in 756. Abd-ar-Rahman III (912-961) turned it into a caliphate, and declared himself caliph.

Author: Irina Tkachenko

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The orco gene, which was deleted from flies 10 years ago, helped to deal with the olfactory addictions of mosquitoes, and the flies lost their olfactory abilities. In the case of yellow fever mosquitoes (Aedes aegypti), scientists acted rather at random, and were pleasantly surprised when they learned that after the removal of this gene, mosquitoes also stopped reaching out to humans, preferring the laboratory guinea pig.

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