What caused the death of a swindler who called herself Princess Tarakanova? Detailed answer

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What caused the death of a swindler who called herself Princess Tarakanova? Detailed answer

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What caused the death of a swindler who called herself Princess Tarakanova?

In the famous painting by Flavitsky "Princess Tarakanova" the heroine is depicted before her death during the St. Petersburg flood of 1777. However, the real swindler, who was called Princess Tarakanova and pretended to be the daughter of Elizabeth Petrovna and the sister of Emelyan Pugachev, died in captivity from consumption two years earlier.

Authors: Jimmy Wales, Larry Sanger

Random interesting fact from the Great Encyclopedia:

Why do salmon swim upstream when spawning?

Many animals, from our point of view, give birth and protect their young in a very strange way. After all, isn't it amazing how birds build nests, or how some animals are willing to fight to protect their offspring from enemies?

The instinct that drives a salmon to make the long journey upstream is that this is the best way to have young and raise them safely. Not all members of the salmon family go far upstream to spawn. Some remain below. For example, pink salmon. It spawns just a few kilometers from salty sea water. In contrast, king salmon can swim about 5 kilometers from the sea up the river.

Fresh water is the most favorable conditions for salmon, where it becomes healthy, strong and fat. But once in fresh water, he stops eating. Sometimes salmon get completely exhausted trying to reach the place where they want to lay their eggs.

Since many of the rivers they swim in have rapids, waterfalls, and rocks, salmon often become thin and look very ill by the time they start to spawn. But regardless of whether he is exhausted or in great shape, the Pacific salmon stubbornly moves towards the spawning ground.

When the fish reaches the place (usually the same place where she herself was born), the female digs a hole in the pebbles or sand, using her body, tail and fins. Then she throws eggs into this "nest", and the male fertilizes her. After that, the female burrows her eggs.

When the work is done, salmon lose all interest in life. They drift downstream and soon die. Now the life of newborn fish begins, which are born after about 60 days.

Young salmon stay in fresh water for several months or a year, and then move downstream to the sea. And the life cycle starts again.

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Random news from the Archive

Interaction of radiation with water 09.01.2020

For the first time, physicists have been able to trace how radiation destroys water molecules.

Chemical reactions in nature last very quickly - tens of femtoseconds, quadrillionths of a second. During this time, the atoms in the molecules of the initial substances have time to carry out interaction processes and take their new positions. At the same time, the electrons in them interact even faster - in tens or hundreds of attoseconds, thousandths of a femtosecond.

Scientists have been able to start studying these processes with ultrafast lasers and particle accelerators, which can produce ultrashort bursts of X-rays and gamma rays a few femtoseconds long.

Physicists at the Argonne National Laboratory have used these devices for the first time to see how radiation interacts with water. Experiments have shown how gamma radiation knocks electrons out of its molecules.

"For the first time, we have followed the fastest chemical reaction that can occur in ionized water - the birth of a hydroxyl radical (-OH). The study of such an ion is important, since it easily penetrates through various barriers in the body and can damage all important biomolecules, including including RNA, DNA or proteins," says Linda Young, one of the authors of the work.

After a photon knocks out an electron from a water molecule during interaction with other substances, it acquires a positive charge and attracts its neighbors. When one of the neighboring molecules approaches it at a sufficiently close distance, an ultrafast reaction occurs, during which a charged water molecule gives up one of the protons and decays. This results in hydronium, a complex compound of proton and water (H3O+), as well as an OH ion, which instantly combines with the previously ejected electron.

The experiment with a water molecule was carried out using an ultrafast and powerful X-ray laser LCLS. Moreover, in such an experiment, it serves both as a source of ionizing radiation and as a means for studying the process of destruction of water molecules.

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