How are synthetic fibers made? Detailed answer

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How are synthetic fibers made? Detailed answer

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How are synthetic fibers made?

Fibers such as cotton, wool, silk, linen and hair are all natural. They are produced from plants and animals. Others, such as rayon, nylon, dacron, are man-made. To understand how synthetic, that is, man-made, fibers are produced, one must have an understanding of fibers in general.

Most fibers are made up of organic, carbon-containing chemicals. They can be found in living organisms. Some of the organic chemicals have special properties. Their molecules (groups of atoms) are attached to each other like links in a chain. This process is called polymerization. Each fiber is made up of millions of these molecular chains, held together by natural forces called chemical bonds.

Different fibers contain different numbers of atoms in a molecule, and these atoms organize themselves in different ways. To produce synthetic fibers, chemists use atoms of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and other elements. They combine them in such a way that new chemicals are obtained. The raw materials for the production of synthetic fibers are coal, oil, ambient air and water. The atoms of these raw materials are linked into organized long molecular chains called polymers.

In other words, a polymerization process takes place, created not by nature, but by man. Hot polymers are liquid. They cannot be molded into hard plastics or films, they can only be pulled on special tops through a tiny outlet into fibers. Fabrics are made from these fibers. Of all the fabrics that are produced annually, a fifth is synthetic.

Author: Likum A.

Random interesting fact from the Great Encyclopedia:

What did the inhabitants of the Earth fear in 1910, when our planet passed through the tail of Halley's comet?

In 1910, the Earth passed through the tail of Halley's comet, one of whose components is the poisonous cyanide gas. One of the leading astronomers of the time, Camille Flammarion, predicted in advance that this gas would poison the atmosphere and could kill all life on the planet. In this regard, the population intensively bought protective masks, as well as anti-cyanide pills and umbrellas produced by enterprising manufacturers. As a result, it turned out that the poisonous gas in the tail of the comet was very rarefied and had no effect on living beings.

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water purification tablet 15.10.2021

American scientists from the University of Texas at Austin announced the creation of a pill that can purify a liter of river water in an hour. This could help solve the shortage of potable water in many parts of the world.

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