Can a blind person use echolocation to navigate in space? Detailed answer

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Can a blind person use echolocation to navigate in space? Detailed answer

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Can a blind person use echolocation to navigate in space?

Some blind people successfully use echolocation for orientation in space, as do bats or cetaceans. The sound source for them is knocking with a cane, stamping with a foot, as well as clicking the tongue or a special device. Echolocation allows not only to determine the distance to objects, but also to perceive their movement, therefore, the blind who have learned this method can subsequently engage in active activities, for example, sports games or even cycling among other road users.

Authors: Jimmy Wales, Larry Sanger

Random interesting fact from the Great Encyclopedia:

What is magnesium?

Magnesium is one of the most amazing metals known to man. It is so light that its weight is only two-thirds that of aluminum. Magnesium is the lightest metal used in industry. In addition to its light weight, magnesium has another unusual quality. It can burn. Magnesium filings or small shavings ignite very easily and burn violently.

On the other hand, the properties of magnesium do not differ from those of other metals. It has a silvery white luster, is slightly stronger than aluminum, and corrodes or wears quickly in damp air. To increase its strength, hardness, and corrosion resistance, magnesium is often alloyed with zinc, manganese, and aluminum.

Magnesium alloys are widely used. Sheets, plates, pipes, beams and wire are made from them. The extreme lightness of magnesium makes it particularly useful in the manufacture of aircraft and other fast moving vehicles. Sometimes the metal in its pure form, due to its ability to burn, is used in rockets, fireworks, and tracer bullets. Magnesium salts are used in medicine and chemistry. Bitter salt is magnesium sulfate, and milk of magnesia is a suspension of magnesium oxide. At one time, magnesium was just fun in chemistry labs.

In 1808, Sir Humphrey Davy was able to identify some of its qualities, although he was unable to obtain pure magnesium. Gradually, scientists began to work with this strange metal and learned how to obtain it in its pure form and how to use it in an alloy with other metals. It took almost a hundred years to get the first magnesium alloy. Magnesium has such a high chemical activity that it does not occur in the free state in nature. But in combination with other elements, it forms more than two percent of the earth's crust.

Magnesium is obtained by separating it from other minerals with which it occurs naturally. This is mainly magnesite, dolomite, carnallite, natural salt solutions.

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Spray that turns off the action of genes 22.01.2017

Don't like the color of roses in the garden? Do you want to speed up the ripening of vegetables on the field? Spray them with a spray that just turns off certain genes and you get the results you want. At least, scientists are currently working on such means.

Farmers can use these gene-switching sprays to boost growth, boost plant nutrition, and protect plants from drought or insects with viruses. This technique makes it possible to change the traits of plants without changing their DNA.

"The spray can be used right away, you don't have to wait years for the DNA to be modified or a new strain to be bred," says David Balcomb of Cambridge, who is studying gene suppression technology in plants. At the same time, one spray can be used on a wide variety of species and varieties.

Scientists from the University of Queensland in Australia have managed to achieve a long-term effect of turning off genes inside plant cells. They protected tobacco plants from the virus for 20 days with just one application of the gene-switching spray. This technique allows you to change various traits in plants, but scientists have not yet carried out such experiments, focusing on crop protection technology.

Turning off genes uses the natural defense system. When viruses invade cells, the cells cut out some of the RNA from the viruses to produce small double-stranded RNA samples that are used to recognize and kill any RNA that matches the sample. Without viral RNA, there are no viral proteins, which means that viruses cannot reproduce.

RNA interference can be used to block any protein. Attempts to create drugs based on this technology for humans have not yet been successful, since RNA quickly degrades when injected into the bloodstream. And it works in plants. The spray works like this: positively charged clay nanoparticles made from magnesium chloride, for example, bind to and protect negatively charged RNA. Over time, the particles interact with carbon dioxide and break down, slowly releasing RNA.

Plant viruses are a problem in agriculture around the world, and no current funds are directed directly at them. Farmers can either grow virus-resistant varieties, if such exist, or kill vector organisms like aphids. So if the anti-virus spray performs well in the field, then it can be in high demand.

Sprays that turn off genes will be safer than ordinary pesticides. RNA cannot penetrate human skin and is rapidly degraded in the body.

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