When did the world find itself on the brink of a nuclear war due to technical errors? Detailed answer

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When did the world find itself on the brink of a nuclear war due to technical errors? Detailed answer

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When did the world find itself on the brink of a nuclear war due to technical errors?

During the Cold War, there were many cases when the world was on the verge of a nuclear war due to incorrect readings of missile launch detection systems. For example, in 1979, an alarm was raised in the United States due to the fact that a training program for a massive nuclear strike was mistakenly loaded on one of the computers. However, the satellites did not detect missile launches, and the alarm was cancelled. And in 1983, the Soviet satellite detection system failed, transmitting a signal about the launch of several American missiles. Lieutenant Colonel Stanislav Petrov, sitting on the console, took it upon himself to not pass information on to the country's top leadership, deciding that the United States was unlikely to launch a first strike with such a small force. In 2006, the UN awarded Petrov as "the man who prevented a nuclear war."

Authors: Jimmy Wales, Larry Sanger

Random interesting fact from the Great Encyclopedia:

Who invented the balloon?

One evening in 1781, the French inventor Joseph Montgolfier noticed how his wife, passing by the fireplace, swelled a silk peignoir. This led the inventor to some thoughts. Joseph and his brother Etienne set fire to scraps of paper under a silk ball and watched it inflate and fly up.

This is how the idea of a balloon filled with heated air (smoke) was born. Hot air balloon (this name was given to the ball made by Joseph and Etienne) was a linen bag with a diameter of about 30 meters, covered with a layer of paper. The brothers carried out the first successful launch of the ball (without a crew) on June 5, 1783 in their hometown of Vidalon-les-Annon. After the experiment, they were invited by the Paris Academy of Sciences to launch a balloon in the capital.

Thus began the era of balloons. There is, however, not very reliable information about much earlier flights. For example, about the balloon that rose in Beijing in 1306 during the ceremony of accession to the throne of Emperor Fo Kien. Or about the balloon that the Portuguese monk Bartolomeo de Cusmao flew in 1709.

But still, June 5, 1783 is considered the official birthday of the hot air balloon (aerostat).

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Diesel from a palm tree 08.07.2011

The Finns have built the world's largest plant for processing palm oil into diesel fuel in Singapore.

Oil is pressed from the pulp of the fruits of the oil palm and from their seeds. Plum-sized fruits hang in clusters weighing 40-50 kilograms. Approximately 7250 liters of oil are obtained per hectare of plantation. It is used in Africa (where this type of palm comes from) and in Southeast Asia for cooking, although palm oil has been reported to increase blood cholesterol levels.

Countries within 25 degrees of latitude of the equator produce about 40 million tons of palm oil each year, about a third of the world's production of all edible vegetable fats. The Singapore plant will annually produce 800 thousand tons of diesel fuel, capable of completely replacing the same fuel from oil (the total production of biodiesel in the world is now 2 million tons).

The production is based on a new process, the details of which were not disclosed. To get a ton of biodiesel, you need to process 1,23 tons of oil, a by-product is combustible gas. Raw materials come mainly from nearby Malaysia. Palm oil diesel produces 45% less soot and 20% less nitrogen oxides in engine exhaust than conventional diesel.

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