What priest cut off his beard for fear of violating the symbol of state power? Detailed answer

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What priest cut off his beard for fear of violating the symbol of state power? Detailed answer

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Which priest cut off his beard for fear of violating the symbol of state power?

The representative of the noble family Fyodor Tolstoy, nicknamed "The American", became famous for his extravagance, craving for duels and travel. Having set off on a round-the-world voyage on the Nadezhda sloop, Tolstoy often quarreled with the crew members and with Captain Kruzenshtern himself, and also performed wild antics, for which he was landed in Kamchatka. The victim of one of his jokes was the ship's priest, who fell asleep drunk right on the floor. The American glued his beard to the deck with sealing wax and sealed it with a government seal. When he woke up, Tolstoy said that the seal must not be broken, and forced the priest to cut off his beard.

Authors: Jimmy Wales, Larry Sanger

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Who is Joseph Lister?

We now accept many things in medicine as ordinary things. If we watch a movie or TV show in which a doctor is about to perform an operation, we expect to see him wash his hands and put on a mask. The idea of getting rid of germs (in other words, antiseptics) in surgery was developed by Joseph Lister. He was an English doctor by profession, born in 1827 and died in 1912.

In 1861, Lister became a surgeon at the largest hospital in Glasgow. While working there, Lister had to treat many people injured in accidents. The wounds of these patients often became infected. The area around the wound became swollen and inflamed, and pus began to form. Lister became interested in preventing such an infection. At first, he tried to clean the wound, but that didn't seem to help.

In 1864 he became acquainted with the experiments of the French scientist Louis Pasteur. Pasteur showed that microbes are the cause of sour milk and putrefaction of meat. Tiny microbes are airborne and settle in milk or meat. Lister suggested that wound infection was also caused by these microbes in the air. Lister tried to kill harmful microbes by dressing the wound with carbolic acid. He succeeded in reducing the infection, and he became convinced that his theory of the microbial origin of the infection was correct.

In 1867 Lister wrote an article for a serious medical journal. In this article, he revealed the essence of his theory regarding infection and described his method of preventing it. At first, Lister's theory was not accepted by everyone. But over the next twenty-five years, all surgeons began to use antiseptics in the treatment of wounds and during operations. Today there is not a single doctor or hospital in the world that does not apply the ideas first proposed by Joseph Lister.

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