In what era was beer the most popular drink in Europe? Detailed answer

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In what era was beer the most popular drink in Europe? Detailed answer

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In what era was beer the most popular drink in Europe?

In medieval Europe, especially the northern and eastern parts of it, beer was a truly massive drink - it was consumed by people of all classes and ages. For example, in England, beer consumption per capita reached 300 liters per year, although now this figure is about 100 liters, and even in the Czech Republic, which is the leader in this parameter, it is slightly more than 150 liters.

The main reason for this was the poor quality of the water, which was eliminated during the fermentation process.

Authors: Jimmy Wales, Larry Sanger

Random interesting fact from the Great Encyclopedia:

What is carbon?

Carbon is a chemical element that is extremely important for any living being. In all the matter that exists on Earth, it accounts for less than one percent, but it is contained in any organism, living or already dead. The body of any living being is built from substances that have carbon in their composition, and the presence of it in a particular place on earth, even in small quantities, may indicate that life once existed there.

Plants extract carbon from carbon dioxide - carbon dioxide - contained in the atmosphere, and use it as a building material for roots, stems and leaves. Animals get it by eating these plants. Both those and others emit it into the air in the form of the same carbon dioxide during breathing, and in the soil it accumulates during the decomposition of the bodies of dead creatures.

Of all the forms of existence of pure carbon, the most famous and perhaps the most valuable for people is coal. It is about 4/5 carbon, and the rest is hydrogen and other elements. The value of coal stems from the chemical properties of carbon, chief among which is that it readily reacts with oxygen. This process occurs when coal is burned in air, and a large amount of thermal energy is released, which can be used for a variety of purposes.

However, carbon in inanimate nature can be found not only in the form of coal. Two other forms of its existence in its pure form, which differ sharply from each other, are graphite and diamond. Graphite is very soft and greasy to the touch. It serves as an excellent lubricant for many mechanisms. And yet, as you know, pencil leads are made from it. In this case, graphite is mixed with clay to reduce its softness. Diamonds, on the other hand, are the hardest substance known to man. They are used to create especially durable cutters, as well as jewelry.

Carbon atoms can form bonds with each other and with atoms of other elements. The result is a huge variety of carbon compounds. One of the simplest is the already mentioned carbon dioxide, which is formed when carbon is burned in oxygen or in air. Carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide, which is toxic to humans and animals, is formed when carbon burns in an atmosphere where there is a lack of oxygen. With great difficulty, carbon reacts with other elements or substances. As a rule, this occurs at a sufficiently high temperature.

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