In which country should each family have a unique last name? Detailed answer

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In which country should each family have a unique last name? Detailed answer

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In which country should each family have a unique last name?

Surnames of Thai subjects appeared only in 1913. According to Thai law, each surname must be unique - only relatives from the same family can have the same surname.

This requirement has led to the fact that Thai surnames are very diverse and can be quite long. Since the names of Thais are also long, all subjects also have nicknames that have been attached to them since childhood and are almost always monosyllabic.

In everyday life, Thais call themselves and refer to others by their nickname and may not know each other's formal names and surnames.

Authors: Jimmy Wales, Larry Sanger

Random interesting fact from the Great Encyclopedia:

Which Voronezh street is named after a character that never existed?

In Voronezh there is a street of Peter Sazonov, although neither a revolutionary figure nor a famous Voronezh citizen with such a name and surname has ever existed. The fact is that two other streets used to intersect at this place - the name of the revolutionary Pyotr Alekseev and the name of the terrorist-Socialist-Revolutionary Yegor Sazonov, who killed Minister Plehve. But in the 1970s, this area was built up, and, combining the two names, they named the remaining roadway after Pyotr Sazonov.

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Efficient Magnesium Batteries 24.11.2021

The first lithium-ion batteries entered the market in 1991 with the active participation of Sony, but only in 2019 did their creators receive the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. Humanity is now in dire need of new technologies for storing electric charge. The search for alternatives to lithium batteries is actively underway, as one of them it is proposed to use magnesium.

Even the property of a single magnesium ion to carry two electrons against one in a lithium ion can significantly increase the energy storage density. According to preliminary calculations, magnesium-ion batteries can store up to 1 kW of electricity in one liter of volume. They are being developed by the scientific consortium E-Magic, which brings together researchers from Denmark, Israel, Germany, Spain and the UK. The project is supported by the EU authorities, and developers are ready to make market participants happy with serial batteries based on magnesium ions only in the next decade.

The cost of magnesium in a mass production environment can be lower than that of lithium. Magnesium is used to create the negative electrode of batteries. Representatives of E-Magic note that they have already managed to create a prototype magnesium-ion battery that can withstand up to 500 charge and discharge cycles. In the United States, representatives of the Toyota Corporate Research Institute are developing the use of a magnesium-ion battery with a positive electrode based on an organic composition and an electrolyte based on boron. Prototypes so far can withstand no more than 200 charge and discharge cycles, but differ from lithium ones in higher stability.

Japanese scientists are experimenting with batteries whose positive electrodes are made of manganese oxide and the negative electrodes are made of magnesium. Zinc is another alternative to lithium - especially since it has been used for many decades in the creation of batteries. Zincium batteries are less prone to fire than lithium ion batteries.

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