What is calligraphy? Detailed answer

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What is calligraphy? Detailed answer

Big encyclopedia for children and adults

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What is calligraphy?

This is the art of beautiful writing. In Japan, where this type of art is very common, competitions for masters of this art are held annually; up to 25 people participate in calligraphy competitions. The works of 7500 calligraphers are exhibited to the public.

The art of writing, according to the Japanese, is directly related to meditation.

Author: Mendeleev V.A.

Random interesting fact from the Great Encyclopedia:

How many continents have a Mediterranean climate?

The Mediterranean climate - with moderate temperatures, mild winters and very rare precipitation in summer, as you might guess from the name, is inherent in the territories on the Mediterranean coast. However, not only them: according to the international classification, the Mediterranean climate is also inherent in the California coast, the western coasts of South Africa and Chile, the southwestern coast of Australia, as well as some places on the Black Sea - for example, Anapa or Tuapse.

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laser catapult 27.10.2015

If the nanoparticle is under the action of a laser pulse, the ions and electrons contained in it will begin to oscillate strongly and an induced electromagnetic field will appear around the particle - the so-called near field. It was studied by a group of German physicists from Rostock, Berlin and Munich.

They irradiated a silicon dioxide nanoparticle with a laser with a light pulse duration of four femtoseconds. The nanoparticle diameter varied from 50 to 500 nm. As it turned out, the larger it is, the stronger the field around it, and this leads to interesting consequences. Thus, an electron located on the surface can accelerate, fly away quite far from the particle, return to it again, hit, and fly away like a ping-pong ball.

"The energy of the electrons and the direction of their movement is strictly related to the geometry of the near field, and it can be controlled by a laser," says Professor Thomas Fennel from the University of Rostock, who built a mathematical model of the phenomenon. In this way, it is possible to obtain a narrow directed beam of fast electrons, and, in the future, ions as well. In the second case, you need to create a composite: add ions of some other element to the silicon dioxide lattice. By slowing down the electron beam, it is possible to create an X-ray beam for accurate fluoroscopy, and the ion flow is useful for irradiating cancerous tumors.

In addition, knocked-out particles can be used to treat the surface of materials, creating the smallest reliefs on them far beyond the limit set by the laws of diffraction. Among the fantastic proposals is the use of laser-beaten electron beams to create computing systems. Their speed will be determined by the duration of the laser pulse, that is, femtoseconds - a hundred thousand times faster than the current ones.

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