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ENCYCLOPEDIA OF RADIO ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING ultrashort waves. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering
Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Beginner radio amateur Ultrashort waves are the task of the present day. In area. ultrashort waves are still a lot of unknown. In recent years, a message has flashed abroad about the discovery of mysterious "death" rays, about the possibility, with the help of these rays, of stopping internal combustion engines and thus lowering airplanes, stopping cars at a distance, blowing up explosives at a distance, killing all living things with rays, including including man - in a word, the action of the "mysterious" rays opened up great prospects in the future warrior. Time did not believe these messages of debts, they considered it a fantasy. And only recently, after successful experiments with ultrashort waves, it was found that all these reports have a very real basis. The source of all mysteries turned out to be ultrashort waves. In Germany, England, and other countries, work is now being carried out at a frantic pace in the field of ultrashort waves. The results of the work are not published. Separate, very scarce information about the results obtained with ultrashort waves appears in the German and American literature, but the details of this work remain unknown. Therefore, of particular interest to us are those experiments on ultrashort waves that were carried out a few months ago by the American engineer William Tustice Lee. Engineer William Tustice Lee and Laboratory Director Saranc Lake, No. 4, Dr. LU Gardner made interesting experiments to study the effect of ultrashort waves on living organisms. At first, for their experiments, the Americans used the usual Gartley "three-point" scheme (diagram Fig. 1), well known to our amateurs; in this scheme, a number of self-induction coils in one turn with a diameter of 10 to 25 centimeters were tested. However, it has been found that the circuit is very unstable in operation and often refuses to generate at the slightest change in the position of the neutral branch "K". A ten-watt lamp was used, at the anode - 500 volts direct current.
In the following experiments, another oscillator circuit, known as "Luxford", was tested. It turned out to be more satisfactory and stable in operation at ultrashort waves (Fig. 2). A UX-852 lamp was used for this circuit, -1500 volts AC was applied to the anode. All radio frequency chokes consisted of 20 turns of 2 mm wire on a coil with a diameter of 2,5 cm. The oscillatory generator circuit consisted of two copper tubes 6,4 mm thick and 37,5 cm long; the distance between the copper tubes was 10 cm. The mesh leakage R varied from 8 to 12 thousand ohms. A variable capacitor "C" with a capacity of about 70 cm was attached to copper tubes with copper sliders, on which the capacitor could move along the entire length of the tubes.
The scheme, under proper conditions, can give waves from 1,7 meters. By changing the capacitance of the capacitor "C", a range of 2,5 to 6 meters can be obtained without changing other parts of the circuit. To obtain waves shorter than 2,5 meters, it is necessary to shorten the copper tubes accordingly, making them only 37,5 cm long instead of 20 cm, and reduce the distance between them to 7,5 cm. In order to increase the wavelength range, it is necessary to add small coils self-induction L3 and L4, as indicated in the diagram of fig. 3. Coils L3 and L4, 2,5 cm in diameter, have 5 turns of thick wire. At both ends of the coils there are clamps with which the coils can be quickly inserted and removed from the circuit. By increasing the number of turns of both coils, you can easily get longer waves (with 10 turns, a wave of 12 meters is obtained).
The position of the capacitor "C" on the copper tubes also affects the wavelength. (Therefore, this capacitor in the circuit is made mobile.) All wavelength measurements were made directly with a "meter" on the Lecher system.
The widely used "push-pull" scheme has also been tried for ultrashort waves (Fig. 4). In this case, as before, copper tubes L1 and L2 served as self-induction, the distance between which varied. This circuit generates well and usually always gives good results. (The Rockefeller Institute in New York, which does a lot of work in the field of ultrashort waves, considers the push-pull scheme to be the most suitable.) However, the scheme shown in fig. 2 proved to be much more profitable. In order to act on living organisms with ultrashort waves, a second closed circuit was built, inductively coupled to the first one (see diagram in Fig. 5).
The thermal ammeter, as well as the capacitor in the circuit of Fig. 2, mounted on copper sliders and can move along the tubes. The circuit condenser consists of two copper plates, between which the tested living organisms and objects are placed. (In order to avoid touching the capacitor plates directly, both plates are separated by glass plates.) The currents that were obtained in the secondary circuit of the circuit when using the IH 852 lamp on the anode of 1500 volts AC for various waves had the following values:
It was possible to obtain waves shorter than 1,7 meters (for example, 1,2-1,4 m), but the power obtained in this case is so negligible that the use of these waves for experiments turned out to be useless. After the generator of ultrashort waves had been built, research began on the effect of these waves on animals. At first, a mouse was taken for experiments. The generator was tuned to a wave of 4,4 meters and about 1,3 meters was obtained in the secondary circuit. After 3,5 minutes, the mouse was dead. The experiment was repeated several times with the same result. Then a fly was caught and placed in a glass tube between the plates of a capacitor. From a current of 0,5 amperes, the fly rushed like crazy, "at a current of 0,8 amperes, it fell and no longer came to life. After some experiments with mice and insects, it was decided to investigate the effect of ultrashort waves on even smaller living organisms, and in particular the effect of ultrashort waves on bacteria. To do this, ordinary water, mineral oil, salt solution, sulfuric acid, blood, etc. were placed in glass tubes. Weird things have been noticed. Ultrashort waves act differently on different solutions. Some solutions were heated to boiling at a generator wave of 3 meters, others from 5 meters, etc. The strong influence of ultrashort waves on bacteria has been precisely established, but it is still impossible to say definitely which bacteria die from which waves. For this, more research is needed. It is possible that ultrashort waves, while deadly to some bacteria, at the same time help other bacteria to develop faster. In any case, work with ultrashort waves requires great care, because very much is still unknown in this area. In preliminary experiments with ultrashort waves, it turned out that not all of our lamps are suitable for operation in this range. So, when working with a GI-13 lamp (about 3000 volts were given to the anode) at a wave of 6 meters, the anode of the lamp and the output of the grid through the glass heated up so much (even crackling of the glass was heard) that it was impossible to work for a long time, fearing the death of the lamps:. (On the other hand, the R-5 lamp perfectly produces waves of the order of 12 to 20 centimeters according to the Barkhausen scheme.) It is interesting to note how strong the field excites the ultrashort wave generator and how strong this field affects the surrounding objects (in all likelihood, the human body as well). While working as a transmitter on 6 meters, I accidentally discovered a strong spark under the transmitter table. It turned out that the cause of the sparking was a high-frequency choke included in another transmitter (not working), located at a distance of 1-1,5 meters from the ultrashort wave transmitter. Then I wound a new choke with a large number of turns and at a distance of 0,5 meters from the transmitter I received a strong stream of sparks, 4-5 cm long, or rather, a discharge reminiscent of the Tesla effect. Surrounding metal parts give off a spark. I do not notice the influence of the electromagnetic field of ultrashort waves on my body due to the short duration of the work - it is possible that this influence is there, but it does not immediately affect the body. Author: I.Vasiliev
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