Since when have you been playing tennis? Detailed answer

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Since when have you been playing tennis? Detailed answer

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Since when have you been playing tennis?

A sport similar to tennis was known in the 1873th century. in England (tennes, tenneys) and in France (jeu de paume, literally playing with the palm). In XNUMX, the English major W. Wingfield invented the so-called lawn tennis, that is, the game of tennis on a grassy lawn.

Author: Mendeleev V.A.

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How did Hephaestus take revenge on his mother, who threw him from Olympus immediately after birth?

In Greek mythology, Hephaestus is the god of fire and blacksmithing. Some consider Hephaestus the son of Zeus and Hera, while others argue that Hera gave birth to Hephaestus without the participation of Zeus - in retaliation for the birth of Athena from his own head.

One way or another, but Hephaestus was born so frail that Hera, in order not to be tormented by the miserable sight that her son was, decided to throw him off the top of Olympus. The fall ended quite well for Hephaestus: he fell into the sea, where Thetis and Eurynome immediately rushed to his aid. They settled him in a deep cave, where Hephaestus subsequently built his first forge. In gratitude for the kindness, he made a lot of jewelry and various useful things for his rescuers.

Hephaestus harbored anger at his mother for a long time and finally decided to take revenge on her. He forged a golden throne of extraordinary beauty and sent it to Hera. She was delighted with a gift worthy of the queen of gods and people. However, as soon as she sat on the throne, indestructible fetters wrapped around her. Hera was chained to the throne, and the rest of the gods could not help her.

Hephaestus was urgently brought to Olympus, but all the requests of the gods to him were in vain. And only when the cunning Dionysus gave Hephaestus a fair amount of fragrant wine, he, drunk, forgot the offense and freed his mother. After that, Hephaestus remained to live on Olympus.

According to another version, Hera noticed a brooch made by Hephaestus on Thetis' chest and asked where she got such a treasure. Seeing the confusion of Thetis, Hera insisted that she tell the whole truth - and at the same moment returned Hephaestus to Olympus.

One way or another, but Hera did her best to make amends with her son: she built a forge for him better than the previous one, where twenty horns did not fade for a moment, and even arranged his wedding with Aphrodite.

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It will be impossible to control superintelligent AI 29.09.2022

The idea of overthrowing humanity with artificial intelligence has been discussed for decades, and in 2021 scientists delivered their verdict on whether high-level computer superintelligence can be controlled.

The catch is that in order to control a superintelligence that is far beyond human understanding, it will be necessary to simulate this superintelligence, which can be analyzed and controlled. But if people are not able to understand this, then it is impossible to create such a simulation.

Rules like "don't hurt people" can't be set if people don't understand what scenarios AI has to offer. Once a computer system is running at a level beyond the capabilities of our programmers, then no more limits can be set.

The superintelligence presents a fundamentally different problem than those usually studied under the slogan of "robot ethics". This is due to the fact that the superintelligence is multifaceted and, therefore, potentially able to mobilize a variety of resources to achieve goals that are potentially incomprehensible to humans, not to mention so that they can be controlled.

Part of the team's reasoning came from the halting problem posed by Alan Turing in 1936. The problem is to know if the computer program will come up with an output and an answer (so it will stop) or just loop around trying to find it.

Scholars noted, as Turing proved with clever math, while we may know this for some specific programs, it is logically impossible to find a way that would allow us to know this for every potential program that could ever be written. This brings us back to AI, which, in a superintelligent state, could simultaneously hold in its memory all possible computer programs.

According to the scientists, any program written to prevent AI from harming humans and destroying the world, for example, can decide (and stop) whether or not it is mathematically impossible to be absolutely sure anyway, which means that its can't be contained. The scientists said the alternative to teaching the AI some ethics and telling it not to destroy the world - something no algorithm can be absolutely sure of - is to limit the capabilities of the superintelligence.

“The study also rejected this idea, suggesting that it would limit the possibilities of AI. The argument is that if we are not going to use it to solve problems beyond human capabilities, then why create it at all? If we are going to move forward with AI "we may not even know when a superintelligence beyond our control will appear, such is its incomprehensibility. This means that we need to start asking serious questions about which direction we are moving in," the scientists noted.

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