How fast do trees grow? Detailed answer

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How fast do trees grow? Detailed answer

Big encyclopedia for children and adults

Directory / Big encyclopedia. Questions for quiz and self-education

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How fast do trees grow?

The growth rates of trees are enormous: in our forests, they rise by about 40 cm annually until the 50th year of life. Then growth slows down, but the growth of the trunk and crown continues in breadth.

Author: Mendeleev V.A.

Random interesting fact from the Great Encyclopedia:

Why don't elephant seals suffer from decompression?

Elephant seals are excellent divers. On average, this animal dives under water for 20 minutes, diving to a depth of about 500 meters. Some "record holders" reach a depth of one and a half kilometers and can stay under water for up to two hours (for comparison: military submarines go mainly at a depth of 300 meters).

To get fresh air into the lungs, the elephant seal emerges, spending only 3 minutes to rise from a depth of about a kilometer and without suffering from decompression at all.

Animals are endowed with such amazing abilities due to the unusually high content of blood in their body, this main carrier of oxygen in the body. The mass of the blood of the seal is about 20 percent of its total mass (for comparison: in humans, blood accounts for only 7 percent of its body weight).

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In modern agriculture, technological progress is developing aimed at increasing the efficiency of plant care processes. The innovative Florix flower thinning machine was presented in Italy, designed to optimize the harvesting stage. This tool is equipped with mobile arms, allowing it to be easily adapted to the needs of the garden. The operator can adjust the speed of the thin wires by controlling them from the tractor cab using a joystick. This approach significantly increases the efficiency of the flower thinning process, providing the possibility of individual adjustment to the specific conditions of the garden, as well as the variety and type of fruit grown in it. After testing the Florix machine for two years on various types of fruit, the results were very encouraging. Farmers such as Filiberto Montanari, who has used a Florix machine for several years, have reported a significant reduction in the time and labor required to thin flowers. ... >>

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Random news from the Archive

Synthetic nerves work in the light 09.04.2016

Researchers from Oxford have created an artificial analogue of the neural circuit: synthetic cells, packed using a 3D printer in a kind of conductive tissue, were able to conduct an electrical impulse.

Cells, tiny drops of water with a volume of 50-100 picoliters, enclosed in a single-layer lipid membrane. Such drops contained not only water, they also contained DNA with genes encoding transmembrane proteins, and all the necessary apparatus for protein synthesis. Transmembrane proteins synthesized in the "cell" formed a through channel in the membrane - this is how an "intercellular contact" appeared between two drops, through which an electrical signal could slip through. The work of the "nerve chain" depended on lighting - the "cells" also contained a special photosensitive protein, which, under the influence of light, bound to DNA and activated the genes of transmembrane proteins recorded in it.

A dense ordered stacking of droplets was achieved, as mentioned above, using a 3D printer. The very technology of XNUMXD printing from such "cells" has been developed for a long time, but now the authors of the work had to develop a new recipe for them, so that both the "cells" themselves and the molecular machines contained in them for transcription (synthesis of RNA copies to DNA) and translation ( protein synthesis to RNA) after passing through the printer would remain in working condition.

Michael J. Booth and his colleagues believe that the main achievements of Michael Booth and his colleagues are that they managed to build a light switch into the nervous chain, and that the propagation of the impulse was not limited to two "cells", that the signal went further - to the third drop, fourth, tenth and etc. In such an artificial system, it is quite possible to study some patterns of impulse propagation through conductive tissues, but in the future, researchers want to combine artificial cells with real ones.

To do this, two technological problems need to be solved: first, the 3D-printed droplet complexes "live" in an oily environment, while real cells need an aqueous solution; secondly, pore proteins in artificial cells are embedded in a single-layer lipid membrane, while in real cells it is two-layered, and it is not known whether a transmembrane protein pore will form between them. Perhaps the contact between an artificial and a real cell can be organized in the form of a synapse, when a certain space remains between the cell membranes, and the impulse is transmitted using special chemical neurotransmitter molecules.

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