Is it true that the quill from the goose's left wing was better for writing? Detailed answer

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Is it true that the quill from the goose's left wing was better for writing? Detailed answer

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Is it true that the quill from the goose's left wing was better for writing?

Goose pens have successfully served the writing humanity for a millennium. For ten centuries the resilient quill creaked on the parchment of handwritten books. How many royal decrees he signed! How many mysterious messages, how many formulas inspired by alchemists, recipes of apothecaries written by them!

They took a goose (sometimes crow, peacock) pen, cut the tip obliquely, cleaned the middle, dipped it in ink and wrote. Feathers have been used for writing since the XNUMXth century. But the feathers of chickens, turkeys, guinea fowls, pigeons were not suitable for this, so that not a single chicken, turkey or dove could boast that they helped famous writers create books. Only geese!

And Pushkin, and Lermontov, and Gogol wrote their immortal works, dipping goose feathers in bronze inkwells. The quality of the written largely depended on how the pen was cut and sharpened. Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin did not trust anyone with this important matter. Moreover, he, like some other lovers of a good pen, knew one secret. The quill quills taken from the left wing write letters much better, more beautifully, because their bend is more comfortable for the hand.

Author: Cellarius E.Yu.

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INA253 - new current meter with integrated shunt 22.04.2019

The Texas Instruments INA253 current monitor is a dedicated amplifier with a built-in 2 mΩ shunt. The INA253 is designed to monitor bidirectional currents over a wide common mode range from -4V to +80V, independent of its own supply voltage.

The ICs are available in three fixed gains: 100mV/A, 200mV/A and 400mV/A. The integration of a precision resistor with a zero-drift chopped amplifier ensures precise measurement accuracy due to constant calibration. The INA253 has a minimum temperature drift of 15 ppm/°C and includes an optimized Kelvin circuit for connecting the measurement part to the shunt resistor.

The INA253 is designed to work in PWM controlled current circuits and includes special large (dv / dt) signal rejection to enable continuous real-time current measurements. Current measurements are critical in motor drive applications as well as solenoid valve control applications.

Features of INA253:

precision shunt: 2 mΩ, 3 nH, 0,1% (max);
measurement: +- 15 A;
temperature range: -40...85°C;
temperature coefficient from 0...125°C: 10 ppm/°C;
bandwidth: 350 kHz;
improved resistance to PWM;
excellent CMRR > 120 dB DC; 90 dB at 50 kHz;
accuracy parameters:
gain:
error: 0.4% (max);
drift: 45 ppm/°C (max);
bias:
bias current: +-15 mA (max);
drift: 125 µA/°C (max);
wide range of common-mode voltage: -4...+80 V;
transfer coefficient options: 100 mV/A, 200 mV/A and 400 mV/A;
own current consumption: 2,4 mA (max).

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