Who were the first Europeans in Australia? Detailed answer

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Who were the first Europeans in Australia? Detailed answer

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Who were the first Europeans in Australia?

It is believed that the northern coast of Australia was first seen by the Dutch navigator Billem Janszon at the beginning of the 1770th century. However, there is evidence that he was still ahead of the Portuguese sailors. In any case, already in the XNUMXth century, the Dutch visited the northern, western and southern shores of the unknown continent. In XNUMX, the English navigator James Cook discovered the east coast of Australia. Cook declared that the land he had discovered belonged to Great Britain and named it New South Wales.

By this time, people were already living on the continent. Europeans called them natives. The natives had dark skin, thick lips and a wide nose, like the Negroes, and long wavy hair, like the Europeans.

By the XNUMXth century, Great Britain had lost its colonies in North America and needed new lands. In addition, English prisons were overflowing with convicts who had nowhere to exile: after all, for more than a hundred years they were sent to North America.

The first ship with the exiles left England for the distant mainland in May 1787. In January 1788, 850 exiles and about 200 soldiers and officers landed on the east coast of Australia. Among the exiles were both dangerous criminals and those convicted of minor offenses.

The first convict settlement was called Sydney. The regime there was very cruel.

In 1793, the first free settlers arrived in Australia. But there were few of them, and the new lands were developed mainly by convicts. In the 50s of the 10th century, gold was found in this distant colony. During the 1,2 years of the "gold rush" the number of British in Australia has almost tripled. Already XNUMX million people lived there.

From 1868, criminals were no longer exiled to Australia.

Author: Cellarius E.Yu.

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