What are nuts? Detailed answer

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What are nuts? Detailed answer

Big encyclopedia for children and adults

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What are nuts?

According to the definition, a nut is "a simple, dry fruit with one (rarely two) seeds, the seed coat of which becomes very hard when ripe."

Real nuts include California gray walnut, walnut, hickory, pecan, chestnuts (not to be confused with the game of the same name), oak acorns, beech nuts, stone fruit, hazel, hazelnuts, hornbeam, alder and birch.

Peanuts, almonds, pistachios, cashews, Brazil nuts, coconuts, horse chestnuts, and pine nuts are not nuts. So the legendary warning on a bag of peanuts ("may contain nuts") is not, strictly speaking, true.

Brazil nuts are not nuts, but seeds. In appearance, the fruits look like wooden boxes with a lid (up to twenty-four trihedral seeds each), which grow at the very top of the tree, 45 meters above the ground, and can easily kill if they fall on their heads. In Brazil, such boxes are called ouricos, "hedgehogs".

The almond is the seed of the once fleshy drupe.

The familiar peanut, also known as groundnut or ground pea, is actually a legume that grows underground.

It comes from South America, but nowadays it is cultivated quite widely, especially in the state of Georgia, USA. Some people are so allergic to peanuts that even a tiny amount (or inhaling peanut dust) can be fatal to them; interestingly, these same people may not be allergic to real nuts.

Pistachios are generally deadly. According to the International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code, seemingly harmless pistachios are classified in Class 4.2: "Flammable solids (Substances prone to self-ignition)". Fresh pistachios, if stored in bulk under pressure, can ignite spontaneously and start a fire on a ship.

Pistachios continue to absorb oxygen and release carbon dioxide even after harvest. This can be a serious problem when transporting them by sea. If ventilation is inadequate, seafarers working in the hold of a cargo ship may die from carbon dioxide poisoning or lack of oxygen.

People have been eating pistachios for at least 9000 years. Muslim legend says that pistachios were one of the fruits that Adam brought with him to Earth when he descended from Heaven.

Author: John Lloyd, John Mitchinson

Random interesting fact from the Great Encyclopedia:

Which animal has to tear its mouth open each time to feed?

The hydra does not have a mouth opening as such. Each time after the act of feeding, the cells around the oral cone tightly close, forming a layer of ectoderm, similar to the layers of other parts of the body. To start a new meal, the hydra has to tear this area due to muscle effort.

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