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BIG ENCYCLOPEDIA FOR CHILDREN AND ADULTS
What animal became the first astronaut? Detailed answer
Directory / Big encyclopedia. Questions for quiz and self-education Did you know? What animal became the first astronaut? Drosophila fruit fly. In July 1946, tiny astronauts were "loaded" into an American V2 rocket along with a handful of corn seeds and sent into space. Drosophila were exposed to radiation at high altitudes. Drosophila flies are favorites of scientific laboratories. Three-quarters of known human disease genes have a match in their genetic code. Just like us, fruit flies sleep at night, respond to general anesthesia and, most importantly, reproduce very quickly. In two weeks, you can get a whole new generation of fruit flies. According to the scientific definition, space begins at an altitude of 100 km. After fruit flies, we sent moss there first, then a monkey. The first ape in space was named Albert II. In 1949, the primate astronaut reached an altitude of 134 km. His predecessor, Albert I, died of asphyxiation a year earlier, never having crossed the 100 km barrier. Unfortunately, Albert II also died: during landing, the parachute on his capsule did not open. It wasn't until 1951 that the monkey did manage to return from space safe and sound - this time it was Albert VI and his eleven mouse companions (although he still died two years later). Generally speaking, the ape space pioneers weren't particularly long-lived. The only exception is a saimiri squirrel monkey named Baker, who survived his space odyssey by twenty-five years. Unlike the Americans, the Russians preferred dogs. In 1957, they launched the first artificial satellite, Sputnik 2, into orbit, carrying a husky dog named Laika. During the flight, Laika died from heat stress. At least ten more dogs were launched into space before the first man, Yuri Gagarin, went there in 1961. In 1968, the Russians sent an animal into deep space. It was a turtle that became the first living creature to circle the moon (as well as the fastest turtle in the world). Other living creatures that have been in space have included chimpanzees (and all returned alive), guinea pigs, frogs, rats, cats, wasps, beetles, spiders, and the extremely tenacious fundulus fish. The first Japanese animals in space in 1985 were ten newts. The only survivors of the 2003 space shuttle Columbia crash were several nematode roundworms found in the wreckage of the ship's laboratory. Author: John Lloyd, John Mitchinson
When were the first coins made? A coin is a piece of metal of a certain weight. Each coin is marked with where it was issued. The first coins were made in the 75th century BC. e. the Lydians. It was a rich and powerful people who lived in Asia Minor. These first coins were made from electron, an alloy containing 25 percent gold and XNUMX percent silver. They resembled beans in size and shape and were known as staters or standards. The Greeks, who saw these coins, appreciated their usefulness and also began to make coins. About a hundred years later, in many cities of Greece, Asia Minor, on the islands of the Aegean Sea and Sicily, as well as in southern Italy, their own coins appeared. Gold coins were valued above all. Then came silver and finally copper. The Greeks issued coins for about 500 years. After them, the idea was intercepted by the Romans and continued to do so for about 500 years. Then the art of making coins was in decline. From about 500 to 1400, coins were thin, unattractive. But in the 70th century there was a flourishing of the monetary business. They began to spend more metal on coins, and talented artists began to be attracted to make images on coins. The first British coins were made before the Roman invasion. At the time of the Norman Conquest, there were 1850 mints in the country, but in XNUMX the Royal Mint became the sole producer of coins.
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