Where are camels from? Detailed answer

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Where are camels from? Detailed answer

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Where are camels from?

From North America.

The symbols of the deserts of Arabia and Africa by origin are Americans.

Like horses and dogs, camels evolved on the steppes of America 20 million years ago. True, then they looked more like giraffes or gazelles than like the humpbacked pack giants that we know and love so well. Only 4 million years ago camels decided to cross Beringia - the isthmus that once connected Alaska with Eurasia.

Camels left North America during the last ice age and, unlike horses and dogs, never returned to their historical homeland.

No one knows why North American camels became extinct. Of course, climate change is to blame, first of all. More precisely, the disappearance of camels could be due to changes in the percentage of silicon in pasture grass. As the climate of the North American continent became cooler and drier, the silicon content of grasses tripled. Because of such super-hard food, even the longest-toothed herbivores wore out their incisors, and horses and camels, no longer able to chew food, gradually died of hunger.

There are also a number of indications that these already weakened individuals - the path to Asia for which was now closed forever due to the disappearance of Beringia 10 thousand years ago - were simply finished off by human hunters.

Author: John Lloyd, John Mitchinson

Random interesting fact from the Great Encyclopedia:

Besides Dr. Watson, what two doctors are closely related to the character of Sherlock Holmes?

Arthur Conan Doyle was inspired to create Sherlock Holmes by Dr. Joseph Bell, who worked at the Royal Hospital of Edinburgh and was distinguished by his ability to make subtle inferences from the smallest observations. In turn, Sherlock Holmes became one of the basis for creating the character of Gregory House, a brilliant doctor from the television series of the same name. Like Holmes, House likes only difficult cases, is cynical, has a passion for music and is addicted to drugs.

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Microplastics affect life in soil 13.09.2020

An international team of researchers has found that microplastics infiltrating the soil can lead to a decrease in the number of worms and microarthropods that live there.

Microarthropods are one of the groups of soil invertebrates actively involved in the decomposition of organic matter. Microplastics are tiny pieces of plastic that have broken away from larger pieces of plastic. Tiny pieces of plastic are a major source of pollution worldwide. Over the past couple of years, a lot of research has been done on the impact of microplastics on creatures that live in the oceans, rivers, streams and lakes.

Pollutants have been found to alter the reproductive abilities of sea creatures, and sometimes their habits, making them more vulnerable to predators. In this new work, the researchers examined how microplastic pollutants affect creatures that live in the soil.

Many creatures live in soil - larger ones such as gophers and turtles tend to eat smaller creatures that live in soil or plant material. The soil is also home to a large number of much smaller creatures, including insects, worms, and bacteria. Together they make up the web of life with their own food chain. To learn more about what happens when microplastics enter this environment, the researchers collected microplastic samples and mixed them with fresh, clean soil taken from the ground, along with a variety of endemic organisms.

Endemic - a specific component of any flora, fauna. Endemics include species, genera, families or other taxa of animals and plants, whose representatives live in a relatively limited area, represented by a small geographical area.

Since the introduction of microplastics, researchers have found that populations of worms and microarthropods (invertebrates that have exoskeletons that can be seen with the naked eye, such as springtails and mites) have decreased. Further research showed that as more microplastics were introduced, the number of such creatures decreased.

The scientists also noted that the introduction of microplastics into soil samples did not lead to a decrease in the number of bacteria living in the soil. As a result, scientists have suggested that microplastics penetrate the soil and food webs, making changes that can damage the carbon and nutrient cycles in the soil.

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