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Named the most difficult year in the history of mankind

28.12.2019

Various studies have shown that the most difficult year for people was 536 AD, when a fog of unknown origin descended on Eurasia. According to historian Michael McCormick, this year can be considered a period worse than the plague of 1349.

536 can also be considered worse than 1918, when a strain of influenza arose that killed 100 million people. As the historian from Byzantium, Procopius of Caesarea, noted, the territory of Europe, the Middle East and Asia was covered with thick fog, which did not descend for 18 months. People lived for such a long period in twilight. More than one million people suffered from the cataclysm with a 100% probability.

To find out what really happened, scientists examined the ice from the Swedish glacier. He allowed to know that in 536 AD. A volcano has erupted in Iceland. Ashes enveloped the whole of Eurasia. The eruptions were repeated in 540 and 547, they significantly weakened the European economy for a century.

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Animal brains networked 27.07.2015

Scientists from Duke University (USA) have combined the brains of several monkeys into a real living computer that can perform specific tasks.

Neuroscientists have been working on bionic prosthetic interfaces that allow animals and humans to control the movement of limbs with the power of thought. To do this, the brains of three monkeys were connected to a computer, on the screen of which the movements of a robotic arm were displayed in real time.

By synchronizing their thoughts, the monkeys were able to force the limb to reach the target and receive a reward for it. Then the scientists made the task more difficult for the primates: each animal could control the movements of the manipulator in only one dimension.

Monkeys again managed to join forces and solve this problem, creating a complex structure, which scientists called the "brain" (Brainet). Then, in the course of further experiments, neurophysiologists decided to try to connect the brains not only to a computer, but also to each other.

Two pairs of electrodes were implanted in the areas of the cerebral cortex responsible for controlling movements in four rats for neurostimulation and recording of brain activity. The scientists then began sending electrical impulses and rewarding the animals for successfully synchronizing brain activity.

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If the brains of several people can be connected in a similar way, then there is a chance that they will learn to exchange thoughts with each other without the help of speech. For now, neurophysiologists hope to use the "brain network" to more effectively use bionic prostheses.

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