What is a sonar? Detailed answer

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What is a sonar? Detailed answer

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What is a sonar?

Let's start with the concept of "echo". When sound bounces off a large object, it bounces back and we hear an echo. When a radio signal strikes a large object, we also receive a signal in response, which is called a radio echo.

The device that captures the radio echo is called a radar. The radar set sends out a radio signal. The signal is sent into space using an antenna. The radio signal, reflected from the object, partially returns back and is fixed by the radar antenna. This received signal is called a radar echo. A special radar unit converts the radar echo into an image that can be seen.

Sonar is very similar to radar. It also detects underwater objects using echoes. Radio signals cannot travel long distances underwater, so sonar sends out sound signals. Compared to normal sounds, the sonar signals are very powerful. Most of them are millions of times more powerful than screaming. These very loud sounds are emitted in impulses. Each one lasts a very small fraction of a second.

Some sonars make a sound that can be heard. The sound of others is so high that the human ear does not perceive it. But the sonar installation has a special receiver that collects the returned echo. It informs about objects under water.

Such installations are used to search for oil deposits on land. The sound pulse is sent deep into the earth. The echo is reflected from different rocks lying in the ground in different ways. This helps geologists predict what might be there.

Author: Likum A.

Random interesting fact from the Great Encyclopedia:

Why do cacti go without water?

Any living creature that lives in the desert faces the problem of lack of water. Indeed, if it cannot solve this problem, it will not survive in the desert.

The cactus also needs water, but it has adapted to survive long periods of lack of rainfall accordingly. Plants growing under normal conditions consume a lot of water. Leaves take water from plant sap and then release it into the air.

The cactus does not have leaves, so it does not exude water. Its trunks are arranged in such a way that the direct rays of the sun fall on their minimum surface. Therefore, almost no moisture is released. In addition, the trunks themselves are very thick, they also retain moisture. At the same time, the stem is covered with a thick protective layer, which further protects water. The spines of the cactus also scare away thirsty animals that want to get to its moisture. Thus, some adult cacti can go without water for two years.

Cacti bloom regularly, the flowers turn into fruits that contain seeds. Most cacti have very beautiful flowers, and when they bloom, the desert takes on a bright yellow, red and purple hue, which gives them inflorescences located on polished plant stems.

There are over 1000 types of cacti. Their homeland is South and Central America, Mexico and the southwestern United States. They are very different from each other - from a small one, the size of a pincushion, which is almost invisible at the surface of the earth, to a huge cactus 10-20 meters high. This cactus is the symbol of the US state of Arizona.

The juice extracted from the stems of cacti is used in medicine and is used as a low-alcohol drink by the local population. Sweets and jams are made from the stems and fruits of cacti. Some small cacti are grown at home. Growing them in pots requires thorough drainage. The cactus must be watered every four days in summer and twice a month in winter.

Test your knowledge! Did you know...

▪ The translation of which book into the languages of European peoples contributed to the creation of their national script and literary language?

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