What is fermentation? Detailed answer

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What is fermentation? Detailed answer

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What is fermentation?

Fermentation is the chemical change of a complex substance and its decomposition into simpler ones. These changes are caused by the presence of enzymes, or enzymes as they are also called. They are produced by tiny living organisms, animals or plants. Yeast, for example, are single-celled plants that produce enzymes.

There are three main types of fermentation: alcoholic, acetic and putrefactive. Each is caused by the presence of bacteria - yeast or mold - that produce special enzymes that cause chemical changes. Fruit syrup turns into alcohol when yeast is added to it, which produces a fermentation enzyme called chimase. Wine turns into vinegar with the help of special bacteria. This is acetic fermentation.

Meat and other meat products become unusable, putrefactive fermentation begins after mold grows on them. Fermentation aids in the digestion of food. An enzyme called salivary amylase, or ptyalin, converts starch in food into soluble sugar. This is the first stage of digestion. Enzymes are also present in the stomach, intestines, liver and other organs.

Yeast added to bread dough makes it light by producing carbon dioxide bubbles and acts on starch and sugar. Sometimes fermentation is harmful. To keep foods from spoiling, they should be stored in cool places or refrigerators, where low temperatures prevent the growth of bacteria, fungi, and mold. Food can be preserved by destroying enzyme-producing organisms at high temperatures. After that, the dishes must be tightly closed. This is how it is done in canning.

Author: Likum A.

Random interesting fact from the Great Encyclopedia:

What are musical instruments?

They are divided into several main groups. If you do not take into account electronic instruments, these are keyboards, strings, wind and percussion.

Keyboard instruments produce musical sounds when pressed (accordion, button accordion) or hitting the keys (piano).

Strings sound when their strings are bowed, plucked or struck. Example - violin, guitar, harp.

Wind instruments make a sound when air passes through them. Most often, the performer blows into them (the exception is the bagpipe). They are divided into wooden (flute, oboe, etc.) and copper (trombone, helicon, etc.).

Percussion instruments make a sound when they strike a membrane (drum) or plates, metal or wood (cymbals, cymbals, etc.). There are also "clicking" instruments, such as castanets.

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Magnetic heads polished with green tea 19.07.2004

Engineers from Arizona have figured out how to make a cheap and, most importantly, biodegradable liquid for polishing magnetic heads based on green tea.

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As you might guess, usually these substances are specially synthesized, and, being too tough for soil microbes, they pollute the environment after use. The volume of such waste is not small - more than 160 million hard drives are produced per year. Therefore, there is a desire to replace synthesized substances with natural ones: they were originally intended for food by microorganisms.

In the liquid for polishing magnetic heads, engineers from the small company "Ventana Research Corporation" while working on a grant from the National Science Foundation (USA), allocated under the program for supporting innovative research, suggested adding components of green tea extract.

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