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BUILDER, HOUSEHOLDER
Sauna in the garden. Tips for the home master
Directory / Builder, home master When developing the project and building a bath-sauna on a garden plot, I proceeded from the fact that it would take as few materials and time as possible. And this, it seems to me, was succeeded, and mainly due to the reduction in the dimensions of the building, achieved by replacing the large soap compartment with a small shower room. In addition, the design of the sauna is designed so that all its main elements can be made by yourself or ordered from the workshop according to the drawings. A small-sized stove-heater and a direct-flow system for obtaining shower water and steam make it possible to minimize the time for preparing a bath for action: after kindling the stove, after 10-15 minutes, you can already take a shower, and dry steam with a temperature of 100 ° C and above at a relative humidity of 5- 6% is ready in 25-30 minutes. The capacity of the bath-sauna is not limited: pour water into the tanks, throw firewood into the firebox. During the "pilgrimage" days of friends and neighbors, up to 15 people attended a full bath service. Such a sauna can be easily "fitted" into the room of a residential building, into the change house of livestock breeders on a farm, builders or other workers employed in mobile areas or working on a rotational basis. Layout The project provides for three main rooms of the bath-sauna: a dressing room, a steam room and a shower room. Their general layout is given in Figure 1.
Foundation If the soil at the construction site is sandy-loamy, with deep groundwater, it is sufficient to make the foundation in the form of concrete pedestals at the corners of the structure (after removing the vegetation layer of the earth). On soils capable of swelling, the foundation is laid to the depth of freezing of the soil. Sauna room The base of the structure is the lower trim (Fig. 2), made of a bar 80x120 mm. Logs have a section of 30x120 mm. At the corners, the bars are cut into half a tree and fastened with nails. The piping is laid on the foundation with roofing felt waterproofing and diagonal checks.
The walls of the bath are made in the form of separate frame-backfill shields in a horizontal position on the plaza. Their frames are knitted from bars with a section of 50x60 and 50x30 mm. Connection of elements overlaid, with a half-tree insert. A layer of roofing felt or polyethylene film is applied to the finished frame and sewn up in the horizontal direction (along the height of the shield) with boards 15-20 mm thick and 100-120 mm wide (in a quarter). The shield is turned over, the cavity is covered with dry sawdust with tamping (or mineral wool), covered with plastic wrap, two layers of paper and sewn up with boards diagonally across the shield. This arrangement of boards creates longitudinal stability. The best material for exterior cladding is coniferous wood. The ceiling of the steam room, the wall adjacent to the shelf, and the shelf itself must be made of hardwood. The best of them is aspen. It has a lower thermal conductivity, quickly warms up (conifers, containing a lot of resin, burn the skin; "stalactites" appear on the ceiling). To avoid cracking, the moisture content of the boards should not exceed 15%. Such a wall holds heat well without "sweating". The side right shield (Fig. 3a) has an opening for installing a furnace and a window. In the front (Fig. 3b) - openings for a door and a window to the dressing room. The side left and rear shields, having evenly spaced racks, are sewn up completely. On all boards at a height of 2020 mm, along the racks, a bar of 30x40 mm is stuffed to support the ceiling beams and filing the ceiling. Side shields are installed on the lower trim; from the ends and in the middle are sewn with long nails.
The fastening of the front and rear shields to the ends of the side panels is carried out with three wood screws ("capercaillie") through a soft gasket. "Capercaillie" with a diameter of 10-12 mm and a length of 180 mm can be made on a lathe. In extreme cases, reliable fastening is also carried out with nails of the same length. The joints are sewn up with a board 150 mm wide with a soft pad. The floor in the steam room and dressing room is laid with aspen boards 30 mm thick, along 30x40 mm slats sewn to the bottom trim and logs. The ceiling is hemmed onto beams and beams with boards 20 mm thick in a quarter. Then several layers of thick paper, plastic film are laid on top, sawdust is poured to the height of the beams, which are covered with roofing material. The partition of the bath is made with boards 20 mm thick (a quarter). It is framed by bars on shields and racks supported on the floor and ceiling. The roof of the bath is shed, covered with slate. Doors are made in the form of frames from bars 40x50 mm, tied into a lock at the corners and at the lintel. In the middle they are tightened with birch plywood 4 mm (in a quarter), on both sides, on casein glue. The shower tray, measuring 900x900 mm, is made of sheet steel 1,5-2 mm thick. The 120 mm high flange at the corners is welded with a continuous seam. The slope for water drainage is made by pulling the metal diagonally from the center. A pipe is welded to a Ø 50 mm hole in the center. The pallet is painted on both sides with two layers of red lead and secured to the bottom frame with nails. A wooden grate is installed on it. Wastewater is discharged with a 2,5 "pipe (Fig. 1) outside the building into a pit measuring 1200x800x600 mm, lined with slate and covered with a slab and a layer of earth. It is more convenient to perform these works before installing the walls of the bath. The walls of the shower room at the height of human growth are covered with waterproofing. The surface of the walls is leveled with putty. After drying, the walls are covered with thick oil paint, on which, first in the corners, and then over the entire surface, strips of textile material (old sheets, etc.) are applied with overlapping and rolled with a roller. The coating is carried out in two layers (it is necessary to block the "wall - pallet" joint). In the same way, the floor in the locker room is processed. Finally, the shower and dressing room are painted with "silver" (aluminum powder on a transparent varnish). After five years of operation, such waterproofing has shown its high reliability. The shower room is equipped with a folding bench, shelves. The passage from the dressing room to the shower room is closed with a folding curtain. The stove (Fig. 4) is two-way, with a developed heating surface of the heater and a firebox isolated from the bathhouse; Welded with a continuous seam from sheet steel 4 mm thick.
The basis for the installation of the furnace and the protective screen is brickwork (Fig. 1). The firebox and chimney are brought out through the half-brick wall outside the steam room. The joints "masonry - furnace body" are sealed with a soft asbestos gasket. Outside, a 2,5 m high pipe is installed on the chimney. Three walls of the screen (Fig. 1, pos. 5) made of asbestos-cement sheets measuring 1100x500x8 mm are bolted to corners 40x40 mm, the exit of which forms legs below. Such a device, in addition to protection, performs well the function of ventilation of the room with a convective flow. The second screen (pos. 14) from a sheet to the height of the furnace is attached to the partition (with a gap at the bottom of 100 mm). With relatively small dimensions, the furnace fully provides continuous preparation of water and steam. Depending on the intensity of combustion in the furnace and the amount of water poured onto the heater, you can get a sauna mode - dry steam at a temperature of up to 100 ° C and above at a relative humidity of 5-6%, or wet steam at a temperature of 60-70 ° C at a relative humidity of 40 % - Russian bath with a broom. Water treatment Figure 5 shows the scheme of water treatment. The pressure that excites the circulation of water in the heating circuit arises due to the weight difference between the columns of cold water in the downpipe and heated water in the riser.
The direct-flow shower water treatment system consists in the fact that hot water is taken to the mixer not from the heated water tank, as is usually done, but from the riser pipe (pos. 2). This allows you to reduce the preparation time for shower water to a minimum, without waiting until all of it in the tank has heated up to a certain temperature. Pressure tanks for 120 l are installed on a metal structure made of old pipes, adjacent to the right side of the bath-sauna, at a height of 400-500 mm in relation to the mixer grate. Threaded fittings 1/2" are welded to the bottom of the tanks in the corners (diagonally). The wiring is made with pipes and fittings 1/2" on the thread. During installation, it is necessary to observe the minimum slopes of pipes for draining water from the system. The outer and inner surfaces of the containers are primed and painted with oil paint. The hot water tank is insulated on all sides with 50 mm thick expanded polystyrene. The supply of pressure tanks with water, depending on local conditions, can be carried out from the water supply network, from a reserve tank with a pump and, finally, buckets with a ladder stand. In our case, water is also heated from a solar battery. Its device is simple. A thin-walled welded battery, painted with black paint, is placed in a box and covered with plastic wrap. The hinged suspension of the box provides two degrees of freedom of movement - so that for most of the day the rays fall normally on the surface of the battery. Through fittings, the battery is connected by flexible hoses to the hot water tank. On a hot sunny day, the water heats up to 70°C; even in the morning the temperature remains 40-45 ° C - you can take a shower at any time. You can also use the sauna in winter conditions. For this, a valve is provided in the circuit (Fig. 5, pos. 8), which turns off the cold water tank: in this case, it is taken from the return pipe. At low negative outdoor temperatures, it is necessary to: fire the stove, pour a bucket of water into the tank, open the steam room door and slightly open the mixer hot water valve (for warming up). After steady circulation in the circuit, add water to the required level. At lower temperatures, the first portion of water is heated to 50-60 ° C. By the winter season, it is necessary to dehydrate the system: drain the water with a hose through the valve (Fig. 5, pos. 9) from the heating circuit; open mixer valves; turn the handle to the lower stroke and drain the water from the solar panel. Author: B.Vdovin
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