Why is lava hot? Detailed answer

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Why is lava hot? Detailed answer

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Why is lava hot?

The earth in the center is a very hot place. If we could get closer to the center of the Earth at 48 km, the temperature there would be 1200 degrees Celsius. At the core, or center, of the Earth, the temperature reaches 5500 degrees Celsius. At this temperature, the stone exists in a molten state. Lava is molten rock mixed with steam and gas that erupts with force from the bowels of the Earth. It breaks from the center of the Earth through cracks in the crust.

Sometimes cracks are round. Then the lava comes out through them, spills into a round puddle and freezes in the shape of a mountain. If the lava erupts again, it builds up on the first eruption and makes the mountain taller. If the eruptions are repeated, layer after layer is superimposed, a mountain is formed, called a volcano. When lava erupts and spills over the Earth, it destroys everything in its path.

This happens because the rapid flow of molten stone has a temperature of 1090 to 1640 degrees Celsius. Cities that are located close to volcanoes are always in danger of being destroyed in the event of a lava eruption. Sometimes this does not happen for a long time and people believe that they are safe forever. And then suddenly the eruptions start again. This happened two millennia ago with the Italian city of Pompeii. It was completely buried under a lava flow and a layer of ash from Mount Vesuvius.

Author: Likum A.

Random interesting fact from the Great Encyclopedia:

What is centrifugal force?

When an object is pulled or pushed in such a way that it changes its position (or any changes occur to it at all), then it is said that a force is applied to it. Imagine that you are dragging a heavy log across the ground using your own muscle strength. As soon as you unclench your hands, it will freeze motionless in place. However, suppose you roll the same log in front of you instead of dragging it. In this case, it will continue to move forward for a while after you stop pushing it. Due to what is this happening?

The explanation for this effect was first given by Isaac Newton. For this, he first coined the term inertia. The inertia possessed by any body makes it continue to move when the action of the force that caused this movement has already ceased. In this case, in the absence of resistance forces, the body must move further in a straight line with the same speed as at the moment the force ceases to act. It will remain so until it is subjected to another force. What is inertia, you can experience for yourself when the bus you are riding suddenly brakes, and your body leans forward, trying to keep moving. Let's now move on to centrifugal force.

We note right away that any of us had to deal with it in practice. We notice the result of its action every time we observe an object moving along a curved path. For example, you are sitting on the same bus when it suddenly turns a corner. It is possible that in a moment you will find that, having fallen off the seat, you are helplessly stretched out in the aisle. No one pushed you: you just got under the influence of centrifugal force.

The nature of this force can be explained using the concept of inertia. The fact is that when the bus wraps, then your body tends to move in a straight line in the same direction and go beyond the circle, part of which is the arc described by the bus when turning.

You should know that the centrifugal force always pushes the object in this direction. So when you turn your bike left or right, you are leaning in the same direction. By doing so, you balance the centrifugal force and prevent it from tipping over your car.

Test your knowledge! Did you know...

▪ The translation of which book into the languages of European peoples contributed to the creation of their national script and literary language?

▪ How did a gas iron work?

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