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BIG ENCYCLOPEDIA FOR CHILDREN AND ADULTS
How do seeds germinate? Detailed answer
Directory / Big encyclopedia. Questions for quiz and self-education Did you know? How do seeds germinate? Each seed resembles a small bag in which the future plant is packed. The seed contains not only a new tiny plant, but also all the substances necessary for its nutrition. You can see this plant germ and its nutrition if you cut a large seed, such as a bean, in half. You will see two pale, thin halves called cotyledons. They are filled with starch to feed the developing plant. If you look closely, you will notice a white sprout at one end between the cotyledons. This is the future legume. Some plants have only one cotyledon. The embryos of some plants germinate and sprout as soon as they fall and fall into the ground, and some need a certain period for this, sometimes even several months. Roots appear first, then leaves grow. Seeds that are found in juicy fruits, such as apples or tomatoes, do not germinate until they are extracted from those fruits. This happens because fruits contain substances that prevent seeds from germinating. The tiny sprout that is in the seed is called the germ, or embryo. A stem and leaves grow from its upper part. A process departs from the rest of the embryo, from which a root then develops. Seeds germinate under favorable conditions. Such conditions are heat, a sufficient amount of moisture and oxygen. Under these conditions, the supply of nutrients begins to nourish the embryo. The embryo grows, breaks through the shell, and a young plant appears, which gradually becomes similar to the parent plant. Author: Likum A.
When did the Olympic Games start? The biggest award an athlete can receive is an Olympic gold medal. Did you know that the idea of holding the Olympic Games is over 2500 years old? According to Greek legend, the Olympic Games were organized by Hercules, the son of Zeus. There is evidence that the first Games were held in 776 BC. e. on the fields of Olympia. They were held once every 1 years for a millennium, until in 4 AD. e. the Romans did not cancel them. The ancient Greeks considered the Games so important that they measured time by the intervals between them. Four years were called the Olympics. The Classical Olympic Games in honor of the supreme god Zeus have been held in Greek Olympia every four years since 776 BC. e. Wars stopped during the Games. Only free male citizens were allowed to participate in them, who competed in running for short and long distances, in pentathlon (javelin throwing, running, jumping, discus throwing, wrestling), the so-called pankration (fistfight and wrestling), as well as in chariot races. Philosophers and poets took part in the Games, presenting their works there. In 394, the Roman emperor Theodosius banned them as "demonic games." They were resumed in 1896 in Athens (Olympic Games of our time) on the initiative of Baron de Coubertin. Both men and women participate in them. Since 1924, the Winter Olympic Games have also been held. The number of Olympic sports is constantly growing. Games were the embodiment of the Greek ideal that the body, like the mind and soul, should be developed. Nothing could prevent the Games even if there was a war, it had to stop. 15 centuries later, the Frenchman Baron Pierre de Coubertin had the idea of resuming the Olympic Games. In 1894, at his suggestion, an international congress of 15 states was convened. This congress unanimously recognized the need to revive the Games and hold them regularly, once every four years. Two years later, the first modern Olympic Games were held in a rebuilt stadium in Athens, Greece. Today's Games include sports that did not even exist in antiquity, such as basketball, water polo, football, cycling, shooting, field hockey. The modern Olympic Games are organized by the International Olympic Committee. And each country has a National Olympic Committee, which is responsible for its country's participation in the Olympic Games.
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