T5 - new generation fluorescent lamps. Scheme, description

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF RADIO ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
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Fluorescent lamps. T5 - new generation fluorescent lamps. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

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One of the promising and rapidly developing areas of modern lighting technology is the production and use of a new generation of fluorescent lamps (LL) with a tube diameter of 16 mm (the so-called T5 lamps) with electronic ballasts.

In recent years, T5 lamps with electronic ballasts have gained new positions, quickly replacing T8 lamps in a bulb with a diameter of 26 mm, not to mention T12 lamps in a bulb with a diameter of 38 mm, which have long been discontinued by the world's leading electric lamp companies.

The scale of the expansion of new technology is so great that T5 lamps in Germany and the UK today account for at least 30%, in the USA - 40%, and in Sweden - 70% of the volume of all produced LL. At the same time, new technology in all these countries is being developed only for T5 lamps.

It is important to note that in parallel created and. mass produced two types of lamps: with a maximum luminous efficiency of 14, 21, 28 and 35 W (Table 2.13) and with a maximum luminous flux of 24,39,54 and 48 W (Table 2.14).

Table 2.13. Characteristics of LL type T5 series HE (High Efficiency by PHILIPS) or FH® (Fluorescent High Efficiency by OSRAM)

T5 - new generation fluorescent lamps

Table 2.14. Characteristics of LL type T5 series HO (High Output Lamps from PHILIPS) or FQ® (Fluorescent QUINTRON® from OSRAM)

T5 - new generation fluorescent lamps

The domestic industry, losing momentum (and in chess and life this always leads to a loss of quality, i.e. to material losses and loss in the struggle), is increasingly lagging behind competitors, continuing the mass production of obsolete equipment - T12 and T8 lamps, in mainly with electromagnetic ballasts with standard losses. These devices have been banned for production in Europe, the USA (and other developed countries) since May 2002 due to their energy inefficiency, and therefore are mainly exported to Russia and the CIS countries. To date, some domestic manufacturers produce T5 lamps.

This, for example, JSC Lisma-VNIIIS (All-Russian Research Design Institute of Light Sources named after A. N. Lodygin; Internet address vniiis.ru).

In table. 2.15 are given technical characteristics of T5 lamps of domestic production.

Table 2.15. High-performance fluorescent lamps LBTsT in a tube with a diameter of 16 mm (T5), main characteristics, TU3467-004-00217001-2001

T5 - new generation fluorescent lamps

What explains such a "boom" in the production and use of T5 lamps and what threatens us with the continued calm in the electric lamp industry, the lack of interest from design organizations against the background of the complete lack of qualifications of the mass of consumers and customers?

The main advantages of the new T5 technology:

increased light output (up to 105 lm/W);
reduced decay of the luminous flux due to the use of a protective film between the phosphor and the glass of the bulb, which excludes the negative effect of mercury (after 10 thousand hours of operation, the luminous flux decreases by no more than 5% and remains further at this level, compared with a 20-30% decrease in light flow for conventional LL);
The optimal luminous efficacy of T5 lamps takes place at an ambient temperature not of 22-25 ° C, as for ordinary LLs, but at 35 ° C, i.e., it practically does not decrease in many lamps (the maximum luminous fluxes of LLs at 35 ° C are determined by multiplying values given in Table 2.13 and Table 2.14 for T = 25 °C by a factor of 1,065);
when working only with special electronic ballasts, the power losses of the "lamp-ballast" set are reduced by 30-35%; at the same time, electronic ballasts have a "cut off" circuit, which excludes constant heating of the electrodes after the lamps are turned on;
sharply reduced mercury content in these lamps (from 30 to 3 mg);
reduction in tube diameter by 40% (compared to LL type T8), reduction in the length of T5 lamps by approximately 50 mm compared to T8 lamps of similar power;
increase in the average lamp life up to 16 thousand hours;
high color rendering index (80-90).

Comparison of the characteristics of T8 lamps (standard) and T5 lamps with a color temperature of 4000 K are given in table. 2.16.

Table 2.16. Comparison of the characteristics of lamp types T8 and T5

T5 - new generation fluorescent lamps

The result of the benefits are:

reduction of the installed capacity of lighting installations (OS) by 20-30% and the consumption of electricity in them due to a significant decrease in the safety factor of the OS and power losses in lighting devices;
reducing the consumption of materials for the production of LL and lamps, which can have significantly smaller dimensions;
exclusion of harmful effects on human health due to the exclusion of pulsations of the light flux of lamps;
increasing the efficiency of lighting devices due to higher efficiency and the ability to provide the required luminous intensity curves with the help of mirror and prismatic optics, which work much better with lamps of a smaller luminous body;
increasing the comfort of indoor lighting due to the exclusion of glare in any direction with the help of special mirror screening "three-dimensional" gratings;
improving the ecology of new technology (a sharp decrease in the possibilities of mercury poisoning);
a significant improvement in the environmental situation (a luminaire with two lamps with a power of 35 W each with electronic ballast emits 1350 kg less carbon dioxide into the atmosphere per year than luminaires with electromagnetic ballast);
the possibility of producing recessed luminaires with a length not exceeding the dimensions of standard building modules (due to the reduced length of the T5 lamp);
improvement of the aesthetic characteristics of luminaires with new lamps (smaller transverse dimensions and height), compliance with the building module of suspended ceilings.

The main obstacle to the accelerated introduction of new technology using T5 lamps was initially its high price, which can be 4-5 times higher than that of existing lamps with T8 type LL.

These devices (for example, ceiling lamps with 4 lamps of 18-20 W each, electromagnetic control gear and mirror shielding grilles), produced in millions of pieces per year, have fallen in price over the past 5-6 years from $90-100 to $15-20. Naturally, a certain period must pass from the beginning of mass production, during which a new expensive product can noticeably cheaper.

For technically advanced foreign manufacturers of lamps with LL, the transition to the production of devices with T5 lamps was easier. After all, these firms have been producing a significant part of their products with electronic ballasts for a long time, that is, the transition to a new set in terms of price was not so noticeable.

Author: Koryakin-Chernyak S.L.

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