How is paper made? Detailed answer

BIG ENCYCLOPEDIA FOR CHILDREN AND ADULTS
Free library / Directory / Big encyclopedia for children and adults

How is paper made? Detailed answer

Big encyclopedia for children and adults

Directory / Big encyclopedia. Questions for quiz and self-education

Did you know?

How is paper made?

Paper is made up of millions of tiny fibers. These fibers are cellulose, a substance derived from the fiber of various plants. The cellulose used today to make paper is made primarily from wood. After the log is stripped of its bark, the tree is ready to be turned into wood pulp, either by milling or by treating it with chemicals.

Some wood pulp manufacturing methods involve both milling and chemical processing. Then this mass is sieved and washed, thereby clearing it of dirt and chemicals. It can then be bleached to make characters printed or written on it more visible.

At the next stage, this mass is whipped in a special machine and mixed with water. The whipping process frays the fibers, turning them into a sticky, uniform mass. To improve the surface of the paper, make it more suitable for writing and printing, starch, clay and other materials can be added to the mass. Then the wood pulp enters the refiner, where the fibers are put in order.

At this stage, the mass is ninety-nine percent water and only one percent cellulose fibers. Now she is ready to enter the paper machine. In this machine, water leaves the mass through a sieve, and then the remaining water is removed using a suction pump.

The sieve vibrates, helping the fibers to adhere to each other. Then the wet mass passes under a round roller, which compresses it into a smooth sheet. This sheet is passed under a series of smoothing rollers that squeeze the water out of the sheet and make the paper thick and smooth. After that, it passes through a series of heated cylinders called dryers. At this stage, special coatings can be added to make the paper smooth and shiny. Paper comes out of these machines in the form of large rolls. Then it is trimmed, cutting off the rough edges and giving the roll the desired width.

Author: Likum A.

Random interesting fact from the Great Encyclopedia:

What are blue chips?

So on American stock exchanges they call ordinary shares of the most famous large US companies that have proven themselves to be stable indicators of income received and dividends paid.

Test your knowledge! Did you know...

▪ Where did the Eskimos come from?

▪ Which planet is closest to the Sun?

▪ Which legendary American president used emoticons in his posts?

See other articles Section Big encyclopedia. Questions for quiz and self-education.

Read and write useful comments on this article.

<< Back

Latest news of science and technology, new electronics:

The world's tallest astronomical observatory opened 04.05.2024

Exploring space and its mysteries is a task that attracts the attention of astronomers from all over the world. In the fresh air of the high mountains, far from city light pollution, the stars and planets reveal their secrets with greater clarity. A new page is opening in the history of astronomy with the opening of the world's highest astronomical observatory - the Atacama Observatory of the University of Tokyo. The Atacama Observatory, located at an altitude of 5640 meters above sea level, opens up new opportunities for astronomers in the study of space. This site has become the highest location for a ground-based telescope, providing researchers with a unique tool for studying infrared waves in the Universe. Although the high altitude location provides clearer skies and less interference from the atmosphere, building an observatory on a high mountain poses enormous difficulties and challenges. However, despite the difficulties, the new observatory opens up broad research prospects for astronomers. ... >>

Controlling objects using air currents 04.05.2024

The development of robotics continues to open up new prospects for us in the field of automation and control of various objects. Recently, Finnish scientists presented an innovative approach to controlling humanoid robots using air currents. This method promises to revolutionize the way objects are manipulated and open new horizons in the field of robotics. The idea of controlling objects using air currents is not new, but until recently, implementing such concepts remained a challenge. Finnish researchers have developed an innovative method that allows robots to manipulate objects using special air jets as "air fingers". The air flow control algorithm, developed by a team of specialists, is based on a thorough study of the movement of objects in the air flow. The air jet control system, carried out using special motors, allows you to direct objects without resorting to physical ... >>

Purebred dogs get sick no more often than purebred dogs 03.05.2024

Caring for the health of our pets is an important aspect of the life of every dog owner. However, there is a common assumption that purebred dogs are more susceptible to diseases compared to mixed dogs. New research led by researchers at the Texas School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences brings new perspective to this question. A study conducted by the Dog Aging Project (DAP) of more than 27 companion dogs found that purebred and mixed dogs were generally equally likely to experience various diseases. Although some breeds may be more susceptible to certain diseases, the overall diagnosis rate is virtually the same between both groups. The Dog Aging Project's chief veterinarian, Dr. Keith Creevy, notes that there are several well-known diseases that are more common in certain breeds of dogs, which supports the notion that purebred dogs are more susceptible to disease. ... >>

Random news from the Archive

Smart glasses translate text into sound 06.03.2018

Japanese company Oton Glass is developing smart glasses that can translate text into sound. It is expected that the device may be useful for people with visual impairment or dyslexia.

Oton Glass smart glasses are equipped with two small cameras. Half of the lens is occupied by a mirror that reflects the user's eye, so that one of the cameras can track the movements and blinking of the eyes.

In order for the glasses to read the text, the user must look at it and blink his eyes: then the device will take a photo and send it to a special cloud system that will analyze the text and then translate it into sound (then it will be transmitted to the user using an earpiece). If the system is unable to read the received words, the company's remote worker will know about it and be able to correct the problem.

Work on Oton Glass smart glasses began in 2012. Now the manufacturer has launched a crowdfunding campaign on Campfire (Japanese analogue of the Kickstarter platform). It is expected that such glasses may be useful for people who have reading difficulties, such as those with visual impairments or dyslexia.

Other interesting news:

▪ The Gulf Stream slowed down due to global warming

▪ Mushrooms found to extract gold from the soil

▪ Electric clipper for hair in the nose and ears

▪ Electronic innovations in service in Iraq

▪ Found the reason for fluctuations in the brightness of the Sun

News feed of science and technology, new electronics

Interesting materials of the Free Technical Library:

▪ site section Preamplifiers. Article selection

▪ Third world article. Popular expression

▪ Is the Platypus a Mammal or a Bird? Detailed answer

▪ article Electrician for the maintenance of electrical equipment of power plants. Standard instruction on labor protection

▪ article Two-tone call. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

▪ article Turning paper into an egg. Focus secret

Leave your comment on this article:

All languages of this page

Home page | Library | Articles | Website map | Site Reviews