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Instruction on labor protection for an electrician on maintenance of electrical equipment of power plants. Full Document

Occupational Safety and Health / Standard instructions for labor protection

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Safe Operation

1. General requirements for labor protection

1.1. The instruction on labor protection is a document that establishes requirements for the safe performance of work for employees.

1.2. Knowledge of the Instructions on labor protection is mandatory for all employees.

1.3. The head of the structural unit is obliged to create conditions at the workplace that meet the requirements of labor protection, provide employees with protective equipment and organize their study of this Instruction.

Each enterprise must develop and communicate to all personnel safe routes through the territory of the enterprise to the place of work and evacuation plans in case of fire and emergency.

1.4. Each employee must:

• comply with the requirements of this Instruction;
• immediately report to your immediate supervisor, and in his absence, to a higher manager about the accident that has occurred and about all violations of the Instructions he has noticed, as well as about malfunctions of structures, equipment and protective devices;
• keep the workplace and equipment clean and tidy;
• ensure the safety of protective equipment, tools, devices, fire extinguishing equipment and documentation on labor protection at their workplace.

For violation of the requirements of the Instruction, the employee is liable in accordance with applicable law.

2. General safety requirements

2.1. Persons at least 18 years of age who have undergone a preliminary medical examination and have no contraindications to perform this work are allowed to work in this profession.

2.2. An employee undergoes an introductory briefing upon hiring. Before admission to independent work, he must pass:

• training in professional training programs;
• initial briefing at the workplace;
• test of knowledge of instructions:
• on labor protection;
• to provide first aid to victims of accidents at work;
• on the use of protective equipment necessary for the safe performance of work;
• on fire safety.

For employees who have the right to prepare a workplace, admission, the right to be a work supervisor, an observer and a team member, it is necessary to check the knowledge of the Intersectoral labor protection rules (safety rules) for the operation of electrical installations (hereinafter referred to as the Rules) to the extent corresponding to the duties of responsible persons for labor protection.

2.3. Admission to independent work is issued by an appropriate order for the structural unit of the enterprise.

2.4. A newly hired employee is issued a qualification certificate, in which an appropriate entry must be made about checking knowledge of the instructions and rules specified in clause 2.2, and about the right to perform special work.

The qualification certificate for on-duty personnel during the performance of official duties may be kept by the shop shift supervisor or with him in accordance with local conditions.

2.5. Employees who have not passed the knowledge test within the established time limits are not allowed to work independently.

2.6. The employee in the process of work must pass:

• repeated briefings - at least once a quarter;
• verification of knowledge of the instructions for labor protection and the current instructions for providing first aid to victims of accidents at work - once a year;
• medical examination - once every two years;
• checking the knowledge of the Rules for employees who have the right to prepare a workplace, admission, the right to be a foreman, supervisor or team member - once a year.

2.7. Employees who have received an unsatisfactory mark during a qualification test are not allowed to work independently and must undergo a second test no later than one month.

In case of violation of labor protection rules, depending on the nature of the violation, an unscheduled briefing or an extraordinary knowledge test is carried out.

2.8. The victim or eyewitness must immediately notify his/her immediate supervisor of each accident or accident.

2.9. Each employee should know the location of the first aid kit and be able to use it.

2.10. If faulty devices, tools and protective equipment are found, the employee must inform his/her immediate supervisor about this.

It is not allowed to work with faulty devices, tools and protective equipment.

To avoid electric shock, do not touch or step on broken overhanging wires.

2.11. In electrical installations, people, mechanisms and hoisting machines are not allowed to approach energized, unprotected live parts at distances less than those indicated in Table 1.

Table 1. Permissible distances to live parts under voltage

* Constant current.

2.12. It is not allowed to clutter up approaches to shields with fire-fighting equipment and to fire hydrants, as well as to use fire-fighting equipment for other purposes.

2.13. At the workplace of an electrician, the following dangerous and harmful production factors may occur: increased voltage of the electrical circuit, increased noise and vibration levels, elevated air temperature in the working area, exposure to chemicals, insufficient illumination of the workplace, work at height, rotating and moving machines and mechanisms.

2.14. To protect against exposure to harmful and dangerous factors, it is necessary to use appropriate protective equipment:

• to protect against electric shock, it is necessary to use electrical protective equipment: dielectric gloves, galoshes, rugs, stands, voltage indicators, metalwork and assembly tools with insulating handles, protective grounding;
• to protect against chemical production factors, it is necessary to use overalls made of acid-protective fabric, rubber acid-alkali-resistant gloves, protective sealed goggles, filter gas masks;
• when working with flammable substances, fire safety measures must be observed: do not smoke, do not use open fire, do not use a tool that can spark;
• when staying in rooms with technological equipment (with the exception of control panels), it is necessary to wear a protective helmet to protect the head from being hit by random objects;
• in the case of work with insufficient lighting, local lighting should be used;
• when working at a height of more than 1,3 m above the ground, floor, platform, it is necessary to use a safety belt;
• when working on rotating, moving machines and mechanisms, there should be no fluttering parts of clothing that can be captured by moving (rotating) parts of the mechanisms;
• at elevated noise levels, earmuffs or earmuffs should be used.

2.15. The electrician must work in overalls and use protective equipment issued in accordance with current industry standards.

2.16. The electrician must be issued the following personal protective equipment free of charge:

• overalls or cotton suit - for 1 year;
• combined individual mittens - for 3 months;
• protective helmet - for 2 years;
• dielectric gloves - on duty;
• dielectric galoshes - on duty.

When issuing a double replaceable set of overalls, the wear period is doubled.

Depending on the nature of the work and the conditions of their production, the electrician is temporarily issued free of charge additional overalls and protective equipment for these conditions.

3. Safety requirements before starting work

3.1. Before accepting a shift, the electrician:

• tidies up the uniform. Sleeves and floors of overalls should be fastened with all buttons, hair should be removed under a helmet. Clothing must be tucked in so that there are no hanging ends or fluttering parts. Shoes should be closed and low heels. It is not allowed to roll up the sleeves of overalls;
• bypasses the serviced equipment along a certain route, checks the safe condition of the equipment;
• checks at the workplace for the availability and serviceability of tools, protective equipment, fire extinguishing equipment, posters or safety signs and compliance with their expiration date;
• checks the registration of all work performed on the assigned site by repair teams or according to orders and orders;
• gets acquainted with the operational documentation and orders for the unit (workshop, section).

3.2. Not allowed:

• test the equipment before accepting a shift;
• leave the shift without registering the acceptance and delivery of the shift.

3.3. When inspecting protective equipment and devices, it is necessary to check:

• absence of external damage (integrity of the varnish cover of insulating protective equipment; absence of punctures, cracks, breaks in dielectric gloves and boots); test date; no rips in the fabric of the belts;
• serviceability of the lock of the carabiner of the belt;
• correct voltage indicators.

3.4. It is necessary to check the availability and serviceability of the tool, which must meet the following requirements:

• handles of pliers, needle nose pliers and wire cutters must have protective insulation;
• the working part of the screwdriver must be well pointed, an insulating tube is put on the rod, leaving only the working part of the screwdriver open;
• wrenches should have parallel jaws, their working surfaces should not have knocked down bevels, and handles should not have burrs;
• the hammer handle should be oval in shape along its entire length, not have knots and cracks, and be firmly fixed in the tool.

3.5. The working tool should be stored in a portable tool box or bag.

3.6. Portable lamps should only be used factory-made. A hand-held portable lamp must have a metal mesh, a hanging hook and a hose wire with a plug.

3.7. When working at height using a portable wooden ladder, make sure it is in good condition. At the lower ends of the ladder there should be shackles with sharp tips for setting on the ground, and when using the ladder on smooth surfaces, they should be put on shoes made of rubber or other non-slip material.

3.8. Protective equipment, devices, tools and devices with defects or expired testing must be removed and reported to your immediate supervisor.

4. Safety requirements during work

4.1. When performing work, it is not allowed to approach unshielded live parts under voltage at distances less than those indicated in Table 1 (clause 2.11).

When working with the use of electrical protective equipment (insulating rods, clamps, voltage indicators, etc.), a person is allowed to approach live parts at a distance determined by the length of the insulating part of these equipment.

4.2. Inspection of the serviced equipment is carried out according to the established route.

4.3. When inspecting electrical installations with voltages above 1000 V, it is not allowed to open the doors of fences and barriers. In electrical installations with voltage up to 1000 V, during inspection, it is allowed to open the doors of switchboards, assemblies, control panels and other devices.

4.4. The electrician carries out rounds and inspections of equipment, as well as the performance of current work, with the knowledge and permission of the higher duty personnel.

4.5. Unauthorized persons should not be allowed into the serviced area. It is necessary to monitor the observance of the Occupational Safety Rules by those working on the serviced equipment.

4.6. During inspections, it is not allowed to switch, remove posters and fences, penetrate them, perform any work or cleaning.

4.7. If it is necessary to perform operational work on live parts under voltage, it is necessary:

• to protect other current-carrying parts located near the workplace, under voltage, to which accidental contact is possible;
• work in dielectric galoshes or standing on an insulating stand or on a dielectric mat;
• use a tool with insulating handles (screwdrivers must have an insulated shaft); in the absence of such a tool, use dielectric gloves.

4.8. If smoke or fire appears, increased crackling, increased noise in the switchgear cells (RU), it is not allowed to approach these cells. This must be reported to the higher duty personnel.

4.9. Switching is not allowed if its purpose and sequence of operations are not clear.

4.10. It is not allowed to work on portable ladders and ladders using portable power tools with lifting and supporting heavy loads.

The use of metal ladders when servicing electrical installations with voltage up to 220 kV is not allowed.

Work using ladders must be carried out by two people, while one of the workers should be at the bottom.

Work with boxes and other foreign objects is not allowed.

4.11. In the event of a ground fault in electrical installations with a voltage of 6-35 kV, approaching the detected fault location at a distance of less than 4 m in indoor switchgear (ZRU) and less than 8 m in open switchgear (ODG) is allowed only for operational switching and release of people who have fallen under voltage. In this case, you should use electrical protective equipment (dielectric boots, galoshes).

4.12. To eliminate errors and ensure the safety of the operation, before switching, the electrician inspects the electrical installations on which the operations are supposed, checks their compliance with the issued task and serviceability.

4.13. If it is necessary to turn on the cells of complete switchgears (KRU) from the place, devices for remote closing of the circuit breaker should be used. Being outside the switchgear corridor, the electrician turns on the switch remotely.

4.14. Before turning off or on the disconnector, separator, you must carefully inspect them.

If cracks are found on insulators and other faults on switching devices, operations with them are not allowed.

4.15. It is necessary to turn off and on disconnectors, separators and switches with voltage above 1000 V with a manual drive in dielectric gloves.

4.16. Switching on electrical equipment and in relay protection and automation devices (RPA), which are under the operational control of higher operational personnel, must be carried out by order, and those under his authority - with his permission.

Switching without the order of higher operational personnel and permission, but with its subsequent notification, is allowed to be performed in cases of urgency (accident, natural disaster, fire).

The operational personnel directly performing the switching operations are not allowed to disable the safety interlocks without permission.

4.17. The disconnectors are switched on by hand drive quickly, but without impact at the end of the stroke. When an arc appears, the knives should not be retracted, as if the contacts diverge, the arc may lengthen and cause a short circuit. The closing operation must in all cases continue to the end.

4.18. Disconnecting disconnectors should be done slowly and carefully. First, a test movement is made with the drive lever in order to make sure that the rods are in good condition, that there are no swings and breakages of the insulators.

If at the moment of divergence of contacts between them there is a strong arc, the disconnectors must be immediately turned on and until the reasons for the formation of the arc are clarified, operations with them should not be performed, except in cases where the magnetizing and charging currents are turned off. Operations in these cases must be carried out quickly to ensure that the arc on the contacts is extinguished.

4.19. Unblocking of the drives of switching devices is carried out only with the permission and under the guidance of persons authorized to do so by a written instruction for the enterprise, after checking the correctness of the previously performed switching, checking the condition of the switching devices and finding out the cause of blocking failure.

The release is recorded in the operational log.

4.20. If there are no blocking devices in the electrical installation or if the blocking is faulty at least on one connection, as well as in case of complex switching, regardless of the state of the blocking devices, operational switching is carried out according to the switching forms. The list of complex switching is determined by local regulations.

4.21. If the knives of the knife switch (disconnector) are not turned on, it is not allowed to knock out knives and sponges under voltage.

4.22. In electrical installations, work in an inclined position is not allowed if, when straightening, the distance to current-carrying parts is less than that indicated in Table 1. When working near unshielded current-carrying parts, you must not position yourself so that these parts are at the back or on both sides.

4.23. It is unacceptable to touch, without the use of electrical protective equipment, the insulators of live equipment.

4.24. When a thunderstorm approaches, all work in the outdoor switchgear, indoor switchgear, on the terminals and linear disconnectors of the overhead line should be stopped.

4.25. It is necessary to remove and install fuses when the voltage is off. Under voltage, but without load, it is allowed to remove and install fuses on connections in the circuit of which there are no switching devices that allow you to remove voltage.

Voltage transformer fuses can be replaced under voltage and under load.

4.26. When removing and installing fuses under voltage, you must use the following protective equipment:

• in electrical installations with voltage up to 1000 V - insulating pliers or dielectric gloves and goggles;
• in electrical installations with voltages above 1000 V - insulating tongs (rod) using dielectric gloves and goggles.

4.27. It is not allowed to use uncalibrated fuses and fuses.

4.28. Replacement of lighting lamps in the switchgear and battery rooms is allowed to be carried out individually.

It is not allowed to single-handedly change lamps from ladders.

4.29. It is necessary for two electricians to work with electrical clamps in electrical installations with voltages above 1000 V using dielectric gloves. It is unacceptable to lean towards the device to take readings.

4.30. In electrical installations with voltage up to 1000 V, it is not allowed to use "control" lamps to check the absence of voltage due to the risk of injury by electric blow and glass fragments.

4.31. Measurement of insulation resistance with a megohmmeter must be carried out with the equipment turned off after removing the residual charge by grounding the equipment.

Connecting wires from a megohmmeter should be connected to live parts using insulating holders (rods), and in electrical installations with voltages above 1000 V, using dielectric gloves.

4.32. It is not allowed to smoke in the battery room, enter it with fire, use electric heaters, devices and tools that can spark.

In case of accidental contact with the body of acid, it should be neutralized with a 5% soda solution and rinsed with plenty of water.

4.33. It is not allowed to work with a percussion tool without protective glasses.

4.34. During work it is not allowed:

• make any switching of equipment without notifying the senior duty personnel, except for cases that threaten the health or life of people, as well as equipment failures;
• touch hot (with a temperature above +45°C) equipment surfaces;
• work on stationary equipment located at a height of more than 1,3 m from the floor level (working platform), without the presence of stationary platforms with fences and stairs;
• work on rotating equipment that does not have a protective fence;
• include electrical equipment with a voltage above 42 V without protective grounding of the case, and in high-risk or especially dangerous rooms - without dielectric mats, in damp rooms - without insulating supports;
• jump over or climb over pipelines (to shorten the route). Passing through pipelines should only be in places where there are crossing bridges;
• move in an unlit area without a flashlight;
• lean and stand on platform barriers, railings, protective covers of couplings and bearings, walk along pipelines, as well as on floor structures that are not intended for passage through them;
• to be without production necessity on the sites of the units, near manholes, manholes, water-indicating columns, as well as near shut-off and safety valves and flanged connections of pipelines under pressure;
• wrap around hands or fingers cleaning material when cleaning the outer surface of operating rotating mechanisms;
• use flammable substances when cleaning equipment;
• remove guards from mechanisms, as well as carry out any repairs;
• be in the area of ​​operation of cranes and other lifting mechanisms.

4.35. When starting rotating machinery, keep a safe distance from them.

4.36. It is not allowed to independently perform any work on electrical equipment: open curtains in switchgear cells, go behind fences, open doors of switchgear cells, change power supply circuits for connections, open relays, change their settings.

5. Safety requirements in emergency situations

5.1. In the event of an emergency (accident, fire, natural disaster), immediately stop work and report the situation to higher operational personnel.

5.2. In cases of urgency, perform the necessary switching with subsequent notification of higher operational personnel.

5.3. In the event of a fire:

5.3.1. Notify all workers in the production area and take measures to extinguish the fire. Burning parts of electrical installations and electrical wiring under voltage should be extinguished with carbon dioxide fire extinguishers.

5.3.2. Take measures to call your immediate supervisor or other officials to the scene of the fire.

5.3.3. According to the operational situation, the local operational fire fighting plan should be acted upon.

5.4. In the event of an accident, it is necessary to immediately release the victim from the impact of the traumatic factor, provide him with first (pre-medical) medical care and inform the immediate supervisor about the accident.

When releasing the victim from the action of electric current, it is necessary to ensure that you yourself do not come into contact with the current-carrying part or under step voltage.

6. Safety requirements upon completion of work

6.1. At the end of the shift, you must:

• all tools, fixtures, devices and protective equipment should be put in proper order and placed in special cabinets and on racks;
• to familiarize the shift host with all changes and malfunctions in the operation of the equipment that occurred during the shift, about the equipment that is in reserve and repair, indicate where work is carried out on electrical equipment;
• report on the delivery of the shift to the higher duty personnel and issue the delivery of the shift by hand in the operational journal;
• take off overalls, put them and other personal protective equipment in the work clothes closet;
• wash, take a shower.

7. List of accepted abbreviations

• AGP Field extinguishing machine
• ACS Automated control system
• PBX Automatic telephone exchange
• VL Overhead power line
• VLAN Overhead communication line
• HF communication High-frequency communication
• Main control panel Main control panel
• ZRU Enclosed switchgear
• IC Measuring (test) stand
• CL Cable power line
• KLS Cable communication line
• KRU (KRUN) Complete switchgear of indoor (outdoor) installation
• KTP Complete transformer substation
• MTP Mast transformer substation
• NRP Unattended regeneration point
• NUP Unattended reinforcement point
• OVB Operational Field Brigade
• Outdoor switchgear
• OUP Serviced amplification point
• POR Work Management Design
• PPR Project for the production of works
• PRP HR Rules
• PUE Rules for the installation of electrical installations
• RZA Relay protection and automation
• RP Distribution point
• RU Switchgear
• SDTU Dispatch and process control facilities (cable and overhead lines of communication and telemechanics, high-frequency channels, communication and telemechanics devices)
• SMO Construction and installation organization
• SNiP Building codes and regulations
• TAI Devices for thermal automatics, thermal measurements and protection, means of remote control, signaling and technical means of automated control systems
• TP Transformer Substation
• EU Electrolysis Plant

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