How does an airplane take off? Detailed answer

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How does an airplane take off? Detailed answer

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How does an airplane take off?

To understand how an airplane rises into the air, we first need to understand the forces that keep airplanes in the air. Since an airplane weighs more than the same volume of air, it needs a force to keep it in the air. It's called lifting power. The aircraft develops this force by rapidly moving forward and overcoming air resistance.

Why does this movement create lift? Due to the fact that in the process of its air masses flow around the wings. The air dissected by an airplane passes over and under the wings. That part of it that passes under the wings pushes the plane up. The wing has a convex shape on the upper side, and the air, bending around this bulge, creates a zone of low pressure at these points.

Thus, there are two forces acting simultaneously: the air under the wings pushes the aircraft up, and the reduced pressure above the wings contributes to this movement. The result is an uplift. To move forward, the aircraft needs the power of the engine. Propellers are screwed into the air just like a screw into wood. This effect becomes possible due to the fact that the air, when moving quickly through it, as well as when the air itself moves quickly, begins to act as a dense medium. This forward movement is called thrust. Thrust overcomes air resistance, lift overcomes the force of gravity - and the plane flies through the air. As long as the lift force balances the gravitational forces, the plane moves straight ahead at the same level.

As the speed increases, the aircraft will shoot up as the lift force has increased and the pilot needs to lower the nose of the aircraft slightly to counteract this force. If the speed decreases, the pilot must raise the nose of the aircraft slightly up. If this is not done, the air flow around the wings is stalled, the aircraft loses lift and, accordingly, speed, risking entering a tailspin.

If the stall occurs high in the sky, this height is enough to level the plane and pick up speed again, but if it happens low above the ground, disaster is inevitable.

Author: Likum A.

Random interesting fact from the Great Encyclopedia:

What are sinuses?

Each of you has ever met a person whose nose does not seem to breathe at all, or who complains of headaches, pain in the eyes and cheeks. When you ask him if he has a cold, the answer is often that his sinuses are bothering him. What is it, why do people have pain in them? To be precise, the sinus is a cavity filled with blood or air. But for most people, the expression "sinus trouble" means an infection in one of the cavities that is connected to the nose.

In total, there are over eight such small cavities - depressions on the bones of the forehead and face. The largest depressions are on the bones of the cheekbones. The smallest ones are at the base of the nose and its sides. All cavities are covered with a mucous membrane, which also covers the nasal cavity, and the discharge from the sinuses occurs through the nose. There are many theories about the purpose of these sinuses.

According to one point of view, they help to warm the nasal passages and maintain the necessary moisture in them. It is claimed that the sinuses can amplify the voice or play a role in the sense of smell. Or maybe they just provide free space on the skull! The sinuses can become infected after a bad cold, flu, and some other infectious diseases. Infection is accompanied by pain on the face, on the forehead, in the eyes. These sensations appear every day at the same time. Sometimes there is discharge from the nose. Pain occurs as a result of mucus accumulated in the sinuses, which cannot come out due to swelling of the nasal mucosa.

Sometimes inflammation of the sinuses on the bones of the cheekbones can occur from a toothache. Surgery for inflammation of the sinuses is rare. If the operation cannot be avoided, then its purpose is to expand the nasal opening to improve the outflow of mucus. The best preventive measure is not to catch a cold. The doctor can help only in the early stages of the disease. It is useful to ventilate living quarters more often.

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