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BIG ENCYCLOPEDIA FOR CHILDREN AND ADULTS
What is the Rosetta Stone? Detailed answer
Directory / Big encyclopedia. Questions for quiz and self-education Did you know? What is the Rosetta Stone? As you know, one of the greatest civilizations of all times and peoples was Ancient Egypt. For a long time, people began to dig up monuments, buildings, as well as all kinds of treasures of Ancient Egypt. Unknown writings were found on buildings and other objects, but no one could read them. And it seemed that there was no solution to these signs. The ancient Greeks believed that the priests of Egypt created these letters for religious purposes, so they called them hieroglyphs, which means "sacred incisions" in translation. This type of writing became known as hieroglyphs. After the Greeks, no significant effort was made to decipher these inscriptions until the 1799th century, when many scholars took up the problem, but without success. Later, in XNUMX, an outstanding discovery was made. Near the mouth of the Nile River, a black basalt slab was found that had lain there for centuries. She was given the name Rosetta Stone, in honor of the city near which she was found. The Rosetta Stone makes the message carved in three different languages unique. One of the languages is Greek, the second is hieroglyphs, and the third is a late form of Egyptian writing, the so-called folk cursive - one of the types of abbreviated hieroglyphs. Long years of study of these inscriptions began. The Greek text could be read and understood, and finally, after comparing it with the rest, the centuries-old secret of hieroglyphic writing was discovered. This was done by a talented young Frenchman Jean-Francois Champollion. And as a result of this discovery, it became possible for historians to trace the life, customs and religious practices of the Egyptians up to 3500 BC. e. This is possible because hieroglyphs are the oldest form of Egyptian writing and one of the earliest known writing systems. Essentially, these are inscriptions - drawings. Each picture represents an item. But as time passed, this writing developed, and subsequently the Egyptians began to record the concepts, sounds, and words. Author: Likum A.
When were dry pretzels first baked? Dry pretzels don't look like biscuits or croquettes in shape or taste, but they actually all look alike in many ways. All of them are small and crispy, do not spoil for a long time. They are even baked on the same machines and packaged in the same way. Special bakeries produce all three types of products with slight changes in the recipe and baking method. They are baked from the same ingredients - flour, yeast, sugar and liquid. Typically, yeast in such products is replaced with baking soda. It forms carbon dioxide, which gives the products lightness without requiring the dough to rise. Dry pretzels have a long history. It takes us back to the first Christians in the Roman Empire. Pretzels were used at that time only because of religion. Fat, milk, and eggs were forbidden to eat during Lent, and people ate dry pretzels instead of bread. And only in our time they have become popular as a light snack. In Northern Europe and the Scandinavian countries, the pretzel has become a symbol of the baker. An image of a large golden pretzel is commonly seen in every bakery. The original pretzel was twisted, soft on the inside and crusty on the outside. With modern baking, nearly all of the moisture evaporates, leaving a crispy, firm pretzel. It is actually a salty hard biscuit. Incidentally, the word "biscuit" comes from the ancient French word for "twice-baked". In the Middle Ages, French travelers, soldiers and sailors took strange hard bread with them. It was baked twice to keep it from spoiling. This hard bread is what we call a biscuit or biscuit. When we buy cookies today, we see that they are packaged so that they do not absorb moisture and are crispy, as if they had just come out of the oven.
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