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What causes ocean currents? Detailed answer

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What causes ocean currents?

There are huge masses of water in the sea that are constantly moving. Their circulation is very complex, as there are many other causes that make the water move. One of them is that dense water goes down, while lighter water goes up. The densest water in the ocean is cold and salty. This is what it becomes when sea water freezes in the Arctic Ocean and near Antarctica. There is very little salt in the ice resulting from this freezing. The cold salt water left after the formation of ice sinks into the depths of the sea.

The saltiest water in the ocean is in the tropics. This water is very warm and therefore not as dense as the cold and less salty water below. It remains on the surface of the ocean. Salt water is moved by the winds. Sometimes the winds and the contours of the shore connect the moving masses of water together. The water is forced to flow faster, forming a current. The currents are like rivers in the sea.

The most famous current is the Gulf Stream, which was discovered by Benjamin Franklin. The Gulf Stream begins in the Atlantic Ocean near the equator. Constant winds near the equator almost always blow from the east. They push warm salt water past the Caribbean islands into the vast bay formed by the Florida peninsula and the east coast of the United States. Water accumulates here and then flows north to Cape Hatteras. Here the Gulf Stream becomes narrow and flows quickly. Its speed is several kilometers per hour. The current here is less than 16 kilometers wide and about 550 meters deep.

Like a river on earth, the Gulf Stream does not flow strictly straight, but wags along the ocean surface. But, unlike a river, the Gulf Stream is not always in the same place, as it does not have a definite course. Many surface currents, such as the Gulf Stream, have several other currents underneath them. They are called countercurrents. They move in the opposite direction, but along the same path as the main surface current. The rotation of the Earth around its axis also affects the formation of currents.

Author: Likum A.

 Random interesting fact from the Great Encyclopedia:

How long does it take for a panda to eat?

The giant panda, or bamboo bear, living in the mountains of Tibet and China, is a rather large animal (body length 120-180 centimeters).

The panda feeds mainly on bamboo shoots. Since they are low in nutrition, only one fifth of the absorbed mass is absorbed.

In order not to die of hunger, an adult panda has to eat up to 40 kilograms of bamboo shoots per day, for which it takes about 16 hours.

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Toshiba Memory announced the creation of a 96-layer crystal. Together with Western Digital, she created a prototype of a 96-layer BiCS FLASH flash memory capable of storing 4 data bits per cell (QLC NAND). Needless to say, layering further increases the density of flash memory.

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