Who discovered Alaska? Detailed answer

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Who discovered Alaska? Detailed answer

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Who discovered Alaska?

When white people appeared in Alaska, they discovered that Eskimos, Aleuts and Indians live here. Alaska is one of the largest territories in the world ever discovered and developed by a white man. At the beginning of the XNUMXth century, Russian sailors were moving through Siberia to the Pacific Ocean.

In 1728, Vitus Bering, a Dane in the service of the Russian government, sailed east of Kamchatka. He sailed along the island of St. Lawrence, but did not reach mainland Alaska. In 1741, Bering led a second expedition on two small ships. He commanded one of these ships, the St. Peter, and the St. Paul was commanded by Alexei Chirikov. The ships were scattered by the storm, but they both reached Alaska.

For the next two centuries, Russian hunters hunted furs in the waters of Alaska. They founded many settlements, and in many places there are still quaint churches built by the Aleuts and Indians under the leadership of Russian missionaries. Subsequently, the coast of Alaska was mastered by the sailors of Spain, France and Great Britain. But it was the Russians who used Alaska as a source of furs, which they supplied in huge quantities to European capitals. Then the number of fur animals began to decrease, and by the 1820s, the Russians began to leave the coast of Alaska.

Russian Tsar Alexander II was not too interested in Alaska. Lincoln-era Secretary of State William H. Seward persuaded his government to buy Alaska from the Russians, and in 1867 Alaska was sold to the United States for $7, less than two cents an acre! Today Alaska is not just the forty-ninth state of the USA, the value of this territory can hardly be measured in dollars!

Author: Likum A.

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How to find alien bacteria 31.12.2014

A microsensor has been invented that is able to distinguish a living microorganism from other organic matter. It is possible that it will help to discover unknown life forms on other planets.

How did life originate on Earth? Whether our planet represents a unique case or living matter is a typical phenomenon in the universe - modern science has not yet given an answer to this question. There are projects to search for extraterrestrial civilizations, such as SETI. By analyzing radio emission from space, researchers are trying to isolate the signals that a highly developed civilization could leave.

Another approach is to look for traces of organic matter on planets and other space bodies. Probes that are sent outside the Earth are equipped with various detectors that can detect whether there are certain organic molecules in the area under study. If traces of amino acids are found in samples taken, for example, from the Martian soil, this will serve as very strong evidence of the existence of life on the planet.

And what to do when the task is to detect not just organic molecules, but to find unknown living organisms? Taking a photo of a green man would certainly be a great success, but what about not so high life forms?

Researchers from universities in Belgium and Switzerland have come up with a new way to distinguish living from non-living, even if it is very, very small. The idea is that any living object, no matter from which planet, must move, and therefore create certain vibrations. Recall the famous shots from the movie "Jurassic Park", when the ripples of water in a glass warned of the approach of a large dinosaur. The heavy steps of the predator caused vibrations in the soil, which were transmitted by the surrounding object. It turns out that if instead of a dinosaur there is only a single-celled bacterium, then it is still possible to hear its "steps".

The inventors took the idea of such a microsensor from atomic force microscopy, a method of studying the surface of materials that allows you to see even individual atoms. The principle of the method is similar to the reproduction of sound from a gramophone record, where the needle moves along the sound track and oscillates in accordance with its profile. A special sensitive probe (cantilever) is placed in a space where there may be living organisms. If a bacterium gets on the probe, then the biological processes of this organism will be displayed as an increase in the oscillation of the probe. In order for the device to understand whether it "felt" a living object, about half an hour of work in air or in a microscopic volume of liquid is enough.

The developers tested their device on various soil and water samples taken near the campus. Comparing the probe signal with live microorganisms with the signal after their destruction with an antibiotic, we managed to see a clear difference in the nature of probe oscillations.

So far, the main application of such a device is seen in the pharmaceutical industry - for the rapid evaluation of the effectiveness of drugs. If the probe with bacteria attached to it stopped detecting vibrations, then the drug worked, and the original cells died.

This approach can significantly speed up analyzes compared to the methods used today. And whether such an idea will take root for the study of alien life - time will tell.

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