How do our lungs work? Detailed answer

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How do our lungs work? Detailed answer

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How do our lungs work?

Respiration is a complex process of oxygen entering the body, using it and removing carbon dioxide from the body. A person breathes by inhaling air into the lungs and then exhaling it. In the lungs, oxygen from the air passes into the blood, and carbon dioxide from the blood into the air. The lungs are large, soft organs that fill both sides of the chest.

Lung tissue resembles a beautiful sponge in appearance. Air sacs are containers where air enters, where necessary gases are used, and where unnecessary gases are removed. The air sacs are separated from each other by very thin walls with very delicate blood vessels called capillaries. Only small cells separate the blood from the air, so that inhaled gases easily pass through these thin walls.

Light elastic. When we breathe in, the chest expands and the lungs expand with it. Air travels through the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, and bronchi (two small tubes that each enter a lung and eventually the air sacs of the lungs). When exhaling, the volume of the lungs decreases, the chest becomes smaller, the pulmonary valve partially closes, the air again exits through the upper tubes.

How much air can the lungs hold? The measurement is usually taken by taking a normal breath plus extra air that can be inhaled (if one tries) and the amount that can be exhaled. This is the vital volume of air, or the amount of air that the lungs can hold. A man's lungs can hold 7 pints of air, a woman's about five. The lungs are never empty, even when the air is exhaled with great effort.

The air left after a deep exhalation is called "residual air", and when we inhale, the new air is mixed with the residual. Breathing is a process that is both conscious and unconscious, occurring constantly, even when we are not thinking about it or even sleeping. But we, if we wish, can stop breathing for a short time, for example, while under water.

Author: Likum A.

Random interesting fact from the Great Encyclopedia:

How is the distance to stars measured?

Stars reach enormous sizes, although they appear to us as small points of light. This happens because they are very far from the Earth. Indeed, although we can measure the distance to them, we can hardly imagine it. The distance to the stars is so great that it is measured in light years, not kilometers.

A light year is the distance that light travels in a year, it is approximately 9 kilometers. The closest star to us that can be seen with the naked eye is 646 light years away. This is Alpha Centauri. The sun is also a star. If it were as far away as Alpha Centauri, it would also appear to us as a point of light. Here is one way astronomers measure the distance to a star. Scientists observe the star in two positions.

For example, from two points located on opposite sides of the Earth. Or from the same point, but with a difference of half a year, when the Earth turns to the star with the opposite side. In this case, the star also changes its position. This change in its position is called parallax. By measuring the parallax of a star, astronomers can calculate its distance.

Since the stars are very far away, the observation must be made with a telescope. Scientists have observed and photographed millions of stars through a telescope. The most distant objects, visible only through a telescope, are thousands of millions of light years away.

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MICROSOFT SPOT watches will be available soon 08.02.2004

For the first time, Microsoft announced a watch, on the dials of which their owners can see news, stock quotes, weather reports and other useful information, almost a year ago at the Consumer Electronics Show (CES) in Las Vegas, which traditionally takes place in early January. . All this mass of "foreign" information must be loaded into the watch via the FM wireless network.

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Bill Gates personally spoke about this smart watch, and he also demonstrated their sample on his own hand. Gates then announced that SPOT watches would appear in stores in the fall of 2003. However, this did not happen. There were problems with radio communication, and some corrections had to be made to the radio chips. But now everything seems to be ready, and the well-known watch company Fossil has already produced "many thousands" of SPOT watches. It remains only to arrange a solemn ceremony of the beginning of sales.

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