What is immunity? Detailed answer

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What is immunity? Detailed answer

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What is Immunity?

Man has many types of natural weapons to repel the attacks of pathogenic microbes. For example, digestive juices and blood themselves kill many types of microbes. But some still penetrate the body and infect it. After that, antimicrobial "soldiers" enter the battle. These are white blood cells. They can penetrate the thin walls of blood vessels and wander throughout the body. White blood cells gather at the site of attack and destroy microbes by feeding on them.

But the disease is not always caused by a direct attack of microbes. Microbes leave chemicals called "toxins". Toxins act on the body like poisons. And again, the body turns on the internal defense. Under the influence of toxins, certain cells produce substances that destroy toxins. They are called antitoxins. If antitoxins are produced quickly, in sufficient quantity and quality, the poison secreted by microbes is rendered harmless. The body is healthy.

Certain antitoxins work against certain toxins. Antitoxins remain in the blood for some time after the toxins have disappeared. Instead of the onset of the disease, we do not observe its symptoms at all! The reason is that the body now has resistance to disease, as it already has the antitoxin. This condition is called acquired immunity. "Acquired" because the resistance appeared after the presence of microbes in the body.

Now suppose that microbes have invaded the body and spread toxins, but we haven't gotten sick yet. This means that there are enough antitoxins in our blood to prevent poisons from causing any harm. This is called "natural" immunity. We inherit this property of blood.

If we introduce a small amount of toxins into our blood, causing antitoxins to appear to prevent disease, then this process will be called artificial immunity. This is exactly what happens when people are vaccinated against diphtheria and typhoid.

Author: Likum A.

Random interesting fact from the Great Encyclopedia:

What killed the Grand Duke of Kyiv Igor?

In the autumn of 945, the Grand Duke of Kyiv, Igor, went to the Drevlyane land for tribute. Returning to Kyiv, Igor decided that not enough tribute had been collected. Having released the bulk of the troops to Kyiv, he returned with a small retinue to the Drevlyansk city of Iskorosten to demand additional tribute. The Drevlyan ambassadors who met him on the way tried to convince the prince that the tribute had been paid in full, but Igor was inexorable. Then the desperate Drevlyans, realizing that "it is necessary to kill the predatory wolf, or the whole herd will be his victim," they killed the squad, and the prince was torn to pieces on two trees.

So Igor was ruined by reckless greed.

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Direction finder Saab Sensor Compact 16.05.2022

Saab has developed a mobile electronics module, the Sensor Compact, which is able to monitor airborne threats and still go unnoticed.

Sirius Compact is a device belonging to the class of technology for electronic warfare (EW). It allows you to create an entire passive network to monitor threats, increase situational awareness and support operations at all tactical levels.

The sensors detect electromagnetic emissions from enemy vehicles, evaluate their power and classify data transmission channels, while remaining invisible to enemy direction finders due to the absence of outgoing signals.

Specifications Sensor Compact:

Height: 30 cm
Diameter: 14 cm
Weight: about 3 kg
Power: 50 W
Frequency Range: 2-11;18GHz
Interfaces: Ethernet, 18-28 V DC
Azimuth coverage: 360°
DF accuracy: < 2° RMS
Geolocation using triangulation
Digital channel receiver
Positioning: built-in IMU/GNSS

Small size and autonomy allow you to quickly install the Sensor Compact on a tripod right on the battlefield, they can also be placed on drones, cars, ships and other vehicles. By moving the sensors or combining the data of several of them, you can establish the exact position of objects using triangulation. The system will warn in advance of approaching targets, which is especially important in the work of ground-based air defense.

Sensor Compact do not store confidential data, which eliminates information leakage if the device is lost.

"Operating in the electromagnetic spectrum of today's battlefield is an ever-changing challenge. The need to remain undetected in the deployment and use of electronic warfare was at the forefront of the development of the Sirius Compact," commented Karl-Johan Bergholm, head of Saab's surveillance division.

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