In order to obtain the greatest possible variety of lighting effects created by garlands or a garland of electric lamps, it is necessary to significantly complicate the design of the machine, to introduce scarce microcircuits into it. At the same time, an automaton of a wide variety of lighting effects can be built on microcircuits containing D-flip-flops. An example of this would be shown in fig. 1 scheme (size - 46 Kb). A distinctive feature of the proposed machine is that it has 36 lighting lamps, of which a panel or garland is composed. Each lamp can be ignited independently, making it easy to get the most diverse light mosaic.

We are connected to a control unit consisting of two clock generators, two ring shift registers - vertical and horizontal (conditionally - according to the location of the lamps in the diagram) - and transistor switches. Clock generators are made according to the same schemes on two elements 2I-NOT and a transistor. The pulse repetition rate can be changed manually with variable resistors R3 and R6. In the vertical control register (or simply in the vertical register), DD3 and DD2 microcircuits work, in the horizontal control register - DD4 and DD5. Electronic keys of the vertical register are made on transistors VT3-VT14, horizontal - on transistors VT15-VT26.

The control unit is powered by two sources: a stabilized direct current, made on VD12-VD15 diodes, a VD7 zener diode and a VT27 transistor (power supply for microcircuits), and a pulsating voltage - on VD8-VD11 diodes (power supply for electronic keys and lamps).

Each register consists of six flip-flops that are part of the K155TM8 microcircuits (each microcircuit has 4 flip-flops). The direct outputs of the triggers are connected to electronic switches that connect the lamps to a power source. Decoupling diodes VD1.1-VD6.6 provide selective switching on of EL1.1-EL6.6 lamps.
The SB1 pushbutton switch sets the register triggers to the zero state, and the SA1 and SA3 switches supply signals from the direct or inverse trigger outputs to the D1 inputs of the corresponding registers.

The horizontal register is controlled by clock pulses coming from the generator on the elements DD1.3, DD1.4, and the vertical register is controlled by pulses coming (depending on the position of the movable contact of switch SA2) either from "its" generator (independent control), or from the generator horizontal register (parallel control), or from the direct output of the first trigger of the horizontal register (serial control).

Consider the operation of the machine in the parallel control mode, for which the diagram shows the position of the movable contact of the switch SA2. After turning on the power and pressing the SB1 button, all triggers are set to the zero state - their direct outputs have a logic level of 0. The electronic keys are closed, the lamps are off. Since the inputs D1 of the registers are connected to the direct outputs of the triggers (via switches SA1 and SA3), they will also have a logic 0 level, which means that the clock pulses received at input C will not change the state of the register triggers.

If the inputs D1 of both registers are connected to the inverse outputs of the microcircuits DD3 and DD5, then they will have a logic level of 1. Now, with the arrival of a clock pulse, the first triggers of both registers will change their state, and a logic level of 1 will be set at their direct outputs, which will open the electronic keys on transistors VT8, VT14 and VT21, VT15. The EL1.1 lamp will light up.

The next clock pulse will transfer the second triggers of the registers to a single state, and the lamps EL1.2, EL2.2, EL2.1 will turn on. At the same time, the EL1.1 lamp continues to glow, because the first triggers retain their previous state.

With the arrival of the next pulse, the lamps EL1.3, EL2.3, EL3.3, EL3.2, EL 3.1, etc. are lit. After the sixth clock pulse, all the lamps will light up, and on the inverse outputs of the last triggers of the registers, the inputs of the D1 registers will be set to logic 0. Subsequent clock pulses will now turn the flip-flops to the zero state in turn, and the lamps, starting from EL1.1, will turn off, and then the described cycle will repeat.

And if, after the transition, for example, two triggers of each register to a single state, set the switches SA1 and SA3 to their original position, shown in the diagram? Then the logical 0 level preserved at the direct outputs of the registers will also be at the inputs of the D1 registers, and the next clock pulse will transfer the first flip-flops to the zero state. The second triggers will keep a single state, and the third triggers will also go to the same state. A kind of square of lamps EL2.2, EL2.3, EL3.3, EL3.2 will glow. With each subsequent clock pulse, the light square will "move" diagonally to the upper right corner (according to the scheme).

When the fifth and sixth flip-flops of both registers are in a single state, the "corner" lamps EL1.1, EL1.6, EL6.1 and EL6.6 will flash on the next clock pulse. Next, a square of lamps EL1.1, EL1.2, EL2.2 and EL2.1 will reappear. The cycle will repeat.

In the sequential control mode (when the movable contact of the SA2 switch is in the upper position according to the scheme), the clock pulses to the vertical register come from the direct output of the first trigger of the horizontal register (pin 2 of the DD4 chip).

Let's consider one of the possible light "patterns" in this mode - the effect of a single running fire. Set the variable resistor R6 to the minimum pulse repetition rate (the resistor slider is in the extreme right position according to the diagram), and with the SB1 button - the zero state of the triggers. Switches SA1 and SA3 will apply to the inputs D1 of both registers the level of logic 1 from the inverse outputs of the triggers. After that, the first clock pulse will switch the first flip-flop of the horizontal register to a single state. A logical 1 level at its direct output will put the first flip-flop of the vertical register into a single state as well. The EL1.1 lamp will light up.

If after that we switch the switches SA1 and SA3 to their original position (shown in the diagram), the logic 1 level will again be applied to the inputs D0 of both registers and the next clock pulse from the output of the element DD1.4 will transfer the second trigger of the horizontal register to a single state, and the first - to zero, i.e., at its direct output, and hence at the input C of the DD2, DD3 microcircuits, instead of the logical 1 level, the logical 0 level will appear. That is, when the level of logical 155 at input C goes to the level of logical 8), the state of the flip-flops of the vertical register will not be affected. Lamp EL0 will go out and EL1 will light up. Then, the lamps of the lower row according to the scheme of the row will alternately light up and go out. When the sixth trigger of the horizontal register is in a single state, from its direct output (pin 1.1 of the DD2.1 chip), the logic level 10 will go through the switch SA5 to the input D1 of the DD3 chip. With the arrival of the next clock pulse, the lamps of the second row will start to turn on and off in turn. Similarly, the lamps of the remaining rows will flash, after which the cycle will repeat.

It is easy to independently analyze the operation of the machine in the mode of independent control of the vertical register, i.e., when clock pulses arrive at the inputs from the register from the element DD1.2.

By manipulating the switches of the machine, you can "write" various "drawings" into the registers, and set the desired speed of their "movement" with variable resistors R3 and R6.

Instead of the K155 series microcircuits indicated on the diagram, you can use similar K133 series. In the absence of K155TM8, K155TM2 (K133TM2) will do, but in each register you will have to use three, not two microcircuits. In addition, all inputs C of the register microcircuits must be connected together, and unused inputs 5 must be connected through a resistor with a resistance of 1 ... 5,1 kOhm to the plus of the power source. The drawing of the printed circuit board with such a replacement will have to be slightly changed.

Transistors can be any other specified series. Instead of transistors of the KT315 series, KT503 is suitable, instead of KT814 - KT816, instead of KT815 - KT817. During installation, the VT27 voltage stabilizer transistor is installed on a heat sink - an aluminum plate 1,5 ... 2 mm thick and 30x30 mm in size.

Diodes VD8-VD11 - any, rated for a rectified current of at least the total current consumption of all lamps, and VD12-VD15 - rated for a current of at least 300 mA. When replacing diodes VD1.1-VD6.6, it should be remembered that the value of the maximum rectified current diode must exceed the current consumed by one lamp.

Fixed resistors - MLT-0,125, their ratings may differ from those indicated in the diagram by 10%. Variable resistors - SP-1. Capacitors C1-C3, C6 - K50-6; C4, C5 - ceramic, for example, KM. Switches - any design.

Transformer T1 - ready-made or home-made with a power of at least 85 watts. Winding II must be designed for a voltage of 8 ... 10 V at a load current of up to 300 mA, winding III - for a voltage of 13 ... 15 V at a current of at least 6 A for lamps with a current consumption of 0,16 A (lamps for voltage 13,5 V from Christmas tree garlands).

Most of the parts of the control unit are mounted on a printed circuit board made of one-sided foil fiberglass. PCB drawing - here, location of parts - here . Diodes VD1.1-VD6.6 are placed on six strips of the same material . The slats are placed near the corresponding groups of garland lamps and connected to the lamps and the control unit by insulated wires twisted into bundles.

As a rule, the device does not require adjustment and, with proper installation, it starts working immediately.

Author: V. Chisler; Publication: cxem.net

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