Gravitoscope. Drawing, description

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Gravitoscope. Children's Science Lab

Children's Science Lab

The forces of mutual attraction between any two bodies located at a distance of one meter from each other and with a mass of each of them one ton, are only about 0,006 g. The gravitational forces are so small that their action can be observed only with the help of bulky devices that used only in universities and planetariums.

Meanwhile, for educational and cognitive purposes, it is important to have instruments that make it possible to observe gravitational forces between bodies, the mass of which would not exceed several kilograms. The difficulty of manufacturing such devices is that. that they must capture the almost imperceptible.

But difficult is not always impossible. An experienced teacher and honored inventor of the RSFSR Sh. L. Livshits nevertheless made such a device, and its design is extremely simple.

The basis of the device is a transparent vessel 1 glued from plexiglass. The inside of the vessel is symmetrically divided up to about half the height by partition 2, which extends outwards as well. On both sides of the partition, tubes 3 and 4 with a cross section of 1 mm2 are mounted in the vessel. Two more short tubes 5 and 6 of larger section, equipped with taps, come out of the vessel. All connections to the device must be tight.

Gravitoscope

The device is installed horizontally on a fixed platform - for example, on a table. Then, a drop of tinted liquid is introduced into the small tubes. Both drops should be at the same level. After that, through short tubes, the vessel is filled with water or any other liquid to a level at which the lower part of the partition is completely immersed in the liquid, and a layer of air of 2-3 mm remains up to the lid of the vessel. When the liquid in the vessel calms down, the taps close. The device is ready to work.

Now, if a test load is brought closer to one of the ends of the device or a person simply approaches, the surface of the liquid will tilt under the action of gravitational force. In this case, part of the liquid from one half of the vessel will pass into the other - into the one to which the object was brought closer or the person approached. And since the movement of the liquid in the separated parts of the vessel is associated with the movement of the air layer, the tinted drops of liquid in small tubes will also move. In our case, the right drop will rise to a certain height, and the left drop will fall by the same amount. Removing the test weight from the right end of the device or approaching the weight to the opposite end will cause reverse displacements of the tinted droplets.

The sensitivity of this instrument is provided by the ratio of the cross section of the smaller tubes to the surface area of the liquid in the tank. For example, if the surface area of the liquid in each half of the vessel is 8 dm2, and the cross-sectional area of thin tubes is 1 mm2, every micron change in the liquid level will cause the colored droplets to shift relative to each other by several centimeters. This is quite sufficient to observe the mutual attraction between the test body and the liquid in the vessel.

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