What are genes? Detailed answer

BIG ENCYCLOPEDIA FOR CHILDREN AND ADULTS
Free library / Directory / Big encyclopedia for children and adults

What are genes? Detailed answer

Big encyclopedia for children and adults

Directory / Big encyclopedia. Questions for quiz and self-education

Did you know?

What are genes?

Even before the birth of a child, we can predict many of its biological characteristics by examining its parents. This is possible because we know the laws of heredity.

For example, if one parent has brown eyes and the other has blue eyes, the child will have brown eyes. If neither parent has brown pigment around the pupils, then the child may be born with blue eyes. If one of the parents has curly hair, then there is a high probability that the child will also have curly hair. Nevertheless, the laws of human heredity are very complex.

If certain characteristics of the father differ from the characteristics of the mother, then the data of one of the parents may appear in the child, while the other does not.

The traits that predominate are called dominant. Other traits are called recessive. For example, brown eyes are a dominant trait, blue eyes are a recessive trait. That's why the baby will have brown eyes. Why are the features of the parents displayed in the child? Biological features are found in the nuclei of the egg and the nuclei of sperm cells. These nuclei are made up of a large number, perhaps several thousand, of particles called genes. But they are not randomly located in the core, but in a linear sequence, like beads strung on a thread.

A mature egg contains 23 genes and the same number in a mature sperm. When an egg and a sperm unite, they form 23 pairs of such strands called chromosomes. Genes on the same chromosome perform different functions. One gene is responsible for the production of one organ; the other - another organ or features of the body.

Despite this, the genes all work together to develop the organism as a whole. The characteristics contained in the genes of the same chromosome are inherited together. In addition, chromosomes can sometimes break up and exchange parts with other chromosomes.

Author: Likum A.

Random interesting fact from the Great Encyclopedia:

Do mammals lay eggs?

Yes, two species of primitive mammals (a subclass of monotremes) are the Australian echidna and the platypus. Their offspring hatch from eggs and feed on their mother's milk.

Test your knowledge! Did you know...

▪ How deep is the world's deepest cave?

▪ Where was the first election held?

▪ Why can fruits ripen on their own?

See other articles Section Big encyclopedia. Questions for quiz and self-education.

Read and write useful comments on this article.

<< Back

Latest news of science and technology, new electronics:

Machine for thinning flowers in gardens 02.05.2024

In modern agriculture, technological progress is developing aimed at increasing the efficiency of plant care processes. The innovative Florix flower thinning machine was presented in Italy, designed to optimize the harvesting stage. This tool is equipped with mobile arms, allowing it to be easily adapted to the needs of the garden. The operator can adjust the speed of the thin wires by controlling them from the tractor cab using a joystick. This approach significantly increases the efficiency of the flower thinning process, providing the possibility of individual adjustment to the specific conditions of the garden, as well as the variety and type of fruit grown in it. After testing the Florix machine for two years on various types of fruit, the results were very encouraging. Farmers such as Filiberto Montanari, who has used a Florix machine for several years, have reported a significant reduction in the time and labor required to thin flowers. ... >>

Advanced Infrared Microscope 02.05.2024

Microscopes play an important role in scientific research, allowing scientists to delve into structures and processes invisible to the eye. However, various microscopy methods have their limitations, and among them was the limitation of resolution when using the infrared range. But the latest achievements of Japanese researchers from the University of Tokyo open up new prospects for studying the microworld. Scientists from the University of Tokyo have unveiled a new microscope that will revolutionize the capabilities of infrared microscopy. This advanced instrument allows you to see the internal structures of living bacteria with amazing clarity on the nanometer scale. Typically, mid-infrared microscopes are limited by low resolution, but the latest development from Japanese researchers overcomes these limitations. According to scientists, the developed microscope allows creating images with a resolution of up to 120 nanometers, which is 30 times higher than the resolution of traditional microscopes. ... >>

Air trap for insects 01.05.2024

Agriculture is one of the key sectors of the economy, and pest control is an integral part of this process. A team of scientists from the Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Central Potato Research Institute (ICAR-CPRI), Shimla, has come up with an innovative solution to this problem - a wind-powered insect air trap. This device addresses the shortcomings of traditional pest control methods by providing real-time insect population data. The trap is powered entirely by wind energy, making it an environmentally friendly solution that requires no power. Its unique design allows monitoring of both harmful and beneficial insects, providing a complete overview of the population in any agricultural area. “By assessing target pests at the right time, we can take necessary measures to control both pests and diseases,” says Kapil ... >>

Random news from the Archive

Molecular switches 29.07.2000

Researchers at the University of Illinois (USA) have developed a unique method for preparing a silicon wafer substrate for the deposition of organic molecules. This allows you to create "molecular switches" with an accuracy of individual atoms.

According to the developers, crystalline silicon wafers produced today are quite suitable for the manufacture of switching matrices operating at frequencies up to 100 THz. If the pre-prepared wafer is treated with suitable organic molecules, the surface is covered with a matrix of uniformly rotating memory elements, each simulating the operation of a transistor that switches with each revolution.

The processes of reading and writing information are carried out electrically, but the active element itself is a mechanical device, albeit of an ultra-small size.

Other interesting news:

▪ Music is the secret of children's progress

▪ Micron phone camera sensor

▪ Oncologist's mine detector

▪ Air oven cooks food

▪ Proton hydrogen batteries

News feed of science and technology, new electronics

Interesting materials of the Free Technical Library:

▪ section of the site Sites of amateur radio equipment. Article selection

▪ article What is our life? A game! Popular expression

▪ article How did the mountains appear? Detailed answer

▪ article Elsholtzia ciliated. Legends, cultivation, methods of application

▪ article Installation of hidden electrical wiring. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

▪ article Car charger for a cell phone. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

Leave your comment on this article:

All languages of this page

Home page | Library | Articles | Website map | Site Reviews